Role of Inflammatory Markers in Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background: This estudie evaluated the immunostaining of cytokines in oral carcinoma, in tissue of margin of surgical resecate (MSR) and metastatic lymph nodes, as well as their role in patient prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas, and sociodemographic and clinical-pathological data were evaluated. In addition, surgical site analysis of the patients was conducted by immunohistochemistry, using a tissue microarray for inflammatory (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-1beta, Interleukin-6, interleukin-10), transcription NF-kappa B and CD68 markers. Immunoexpression was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using ImageJ software, and data were correlated with the prognostic factors and patient survival rates. Results: There was a greater immunoexpression of inflammatory and CD68 cytokines in primary tumour and lymph node metastasis than in MSR. In a multinomial logistic regression model, patients with low education (p = 0.041) and a high histoscore for TNF-α (p = 0.021) showed a survival rate of 15.64 (95% CI = 1.13-217.24) and 6.81 (95% CI = 1.02-105.96). Conclusion: Therefore, despite there is an increased immunoexpression of cytokines in the primary tumour, only TNF-α was the inflammatory cytokine that influenced the survival of patients with oral cancer.

Harnessing Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha to Achieve Effective Cancer Immunotherapy

“…On the other hand, elevated pre-diagnostic concentrations of TNFα and its soluble receptors and the activation of TNFα-related pathways have been related to higher risk and poorer survival in endometrial cancer [ 85 ], prostate cancer [ 86 ] where could induce a shift to an untreatable phenotype [ 87 ]. In OSCC correlates with progression [ 88 , 89 ] and with relapse in children with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) [ 90 ], but not with response to treatment [ 91 ] and in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [ 92 ] and diffuse large B cell lymphoma, TNFα is useful to differentiate risk groups [ 93 ]. In the latter TNFR1 expression in the tumor is also a good biomarker for prognosis [ 94 ].…”

Expression of Interleukin-1ß and Interleukin-8 in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Carcinomas

“…The authors observed that proteins derived from the inflammasome were involved in the protection against squamous cell carcinoma since their loss hinders the development of the antitumor response. On the other hand, and consistent with the dual role of this cytokine, Dantas et al [ 31 ] observed how IL-1β immunostaining was significantly higher in metastases of oral carcinomas and lymph nodes than in squamous epithelium of tumor resection margins; while Singh et al [ 32 ] described how the immunostaining for IL-1β in non-metastatic oral carcinomas was weak in more than half of the cases. Therefore, the presence of IL-1β in oral epithelial tissues remains controversial.…”

Pro-and Anti-inflammatory Biomarkers as Potential Prognosis Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Overexpression of CD68 in tumor tissue may indicate a prometastatic state, be correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, the chance of lymph node metastasis and a poor prognosis (Hu et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2020). In the study by Dantas et al (2019), the CD68 expression in patients with OSCC was higher in the primary tumor, compared to the surgical margin and lymph nodes, however they found no association between the CD68 expression and prognosis. In contrast to the previous study, Wirsing et al (2018) found an association between CD68 and survival in OSCC patients.…”