Role of Immunoglobulin Classes in Experimental Histoplasmosis in Bats

McMurray, David N.; Stroud, J. W.; Murphy, Jana J.; Carlomagno, Mirta A.; Greer, Donald L.

doi:10.1016/s0145-305x(82)80042-6

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our findings support previous research showing that immune responses of bats have some similarities with those of mammals [11][12][13], and led to the hypothesis that STAT1 might not be a critical factor for the differing clinical signs following infection with zoonotic viruses [7,9,10]. However, the target positions of STAT1 are different among viruses, and the structure and function of bat STAT1 might be different among bats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In mammals, RV infection causes 100% mortality, but some bats have shown no clinical signs with detectable antibody titers and were able to resist infection and become a carrier when infected with RV [7][8][9][10]. Although immunological studies of bats may provide important clues to help clarify the relationships between host immune factors and viruses, few studies have been performed on the immune system of bats [6,[11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional analysis of Rousettus aegyptiacus “signal transducer and activator of transcription 1” (STAT1)

Fujii

Watanabe

Yamane

et al. 2010

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Bats are now known as the source of several diseases in humans, but few studies regarding immune responses and factors associated with bats have so far been reported. In this study, we focused on STAT1, one of the critical components in interferon (IFN)-signaling and antiviral activity, which is often targeted by viral proteins to reduce antiviral activity and increase viral replication. We found that Rousettus aegyptiacus STAT1 (bat STAT1) is phosphorylatable and translocates to the nucleus when stimulated with human IFN-alpha (hIFN-alpha). Furthermore, phosphorylation of bat STAT1 and inhibition of nuclear translocation was observed in IFN-stimulated cells infected with the HEP-Flury strain of rabies virus, in the same manner as in other mammals. Additionally, quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that bat STAT1 mRNA was highly expressed in the liver, while low in muscle and spleen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of Rousettus aegyptiacus “signal transducer and activator of transcription 1” (STAT1)

Fujii

Watanabe

Yamane

et al. 2010

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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“…(2011) demonstrated that four species of bats, including one megabat ( Cynopterus sphinx ) and three microbats ( Carollia perspicillata , M. lucifugus and E. fuscus ) transcribe IgM, IgE, IgA and multiple IgG classes, the latter of which appears to have diversified after speciation as in other mammals. Serum fractionation using normal serum from the neotropical species, Artibeus lituratus and from P. giganteus has confirmed that bat IgM, IgG and IgA are homologous to corresponding human immunoglobulins (McMurray et al., 1982; Chakravarty and Sarkar, 1994). However, evidence so far indicates that IgD may be unique to microbats, with IgD present at the genomic and transcriptional level in M. lucifugus but not in the megabats.…”

Section: Adaptive Immunitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Antiviral Immune Responses of Bats: A Review

Baker

Schountz

Wang

2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

214

192

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Bats are reported as natural reservoir host of several viruses, many of which cause severe human disease. Infected bats usually do not show any clinical symptoms and persistently infected. Bats immunity against viruses is an evolutional process of self-defense created by ecological adaptation between host and pathogen. Bats have unique characters which support them as a viral reservoir, whereas RNA viruses which are commonly carried by bats take an advantage of these characteristics to survive. The role of bats as reservoirs is also supported by several differences of immune system than other mammals. Several studies on molecular factors of bats immune system lead to a hypothesis that bats are able to control viral replication very early in the immune response through innate antiviral mechanism. However, to complete understanding of the nature of immune responses of bats to the virus still needs a lot of study. Advance technology on molecular techniques revealed the immune factors and provided numerous data about molecular factors in bat immunity, however comprehensive studies about morphology of bats immune organs are still lacking. One of the important immune organs which have functional variations due to their structural differences between species is the spleen, which will be our main focus of study in the future. We hope that the result of our study will be able to provide the database on the morphology and physiology of bat spleen and give better understanding on bats immune system.

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“…Several immunoglobulin classes such as IgG, IgA, and IgM found in mammals have also been purified from great fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus) sera (McMurray et al, 1982). The lymphoid development of bats and other mammals are also very similar which is evidenced by identification of B and T lymphocytes, Macrophages and cells expressing surface Ig in bone marrow of Indian bats (Pteropus giganteus) (Schountz et al, 2004).…”

Section: Bat Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%