Role of Immune Aging in Susceptibility to West Nile Virus

Yao, Yi; Montgomery, Ruth R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3670-0_18

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…These age-related changes in pathogenesis and outcomes in malaria, in our study and in others, likely relate at least in part to age-related changes in the host immune response. An age-dependent increase in disease severity has been reported in a range of other infectious diseases, such as sepsis [25], hepatitis A [26], influenza [27] and West Nile virus (WNV) [28], and an increasing body of evidence suggests that age-related changes in innate immunity play a fundamental role in these differing disease presentations [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aging on Parasite Biomass, Inflammation, Endothelial Activation, Microvascular Dysfunction and Disease Severity in Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Barber

Grigg

William

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aging on Parasite Biomass, Inflammation, Endothelial Activation, Microvascular Dysfunction and Disease Severity in Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Barber

Grigg

William

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…A variety of factors can influence the patterns of cytokine expression in humans, including age, gender-related hormonal and genetic differences in the immune system, other epigenetic and genetic factors (including cytokine gene polymorphism), co-morbidities and microbiome [47,48]. Advanced age is a well-established risk factor in WNV infection associated with susceptibility to severe disease and this association is, at least in part, associated with dysregulation of cytokine responses and alteration of immune cell functions during immuno-senescence [49]. Kong et al showed downregulated TLR3 expression on macrophages in WNV-infected young persons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection

Židovec-Lepej

Vilibić-Čavlek

Barbić

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Data on the immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) are limited. We analyzed the antiviral cytokine response in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with WNV fever and WNV neuroinvasive disease using a multiplex bead-based assay for the simultaneous quantification of 13 human cytokines. The panel included cytokines associated with innate and early pro-inflammatory immune responses (TNF-α/IL-6), Th1 (IL-2/IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4/IL-5/IL-9/IL-13), Th17 immune response (IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-21/IL-22) and the key anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Elevated levels of IFN-γ were detected in 71.7% of CSF and 22.7% of serum samples (p = 0.003). Expression of IL-2/IL-4/TNF-α and Th1 17 cytokines (IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-21) was detected in the serum but not in the CSF (except one positive CSF sample for IL-17F/IL-4). While IL-6 levels were markedly higher in the CSF compared to serum (CSF median 2036.71, IQR 213.82–6190.50; serum median 24.48, IQR 11.93–49.81; p < 0.001), no difference in the IL-13/IL-9/IL-10/IFN-γ/IL-22 levels in serum/CSF was found. In conclusion, increased concentrations of the key cytokines associated with innate and early acute phase responses (IL-6) and Th1 type immune responses (IFN-γ) were found in the CNS of patients with WNV infection. In contrast, expression of the key T-cell growth factor IL-2, Th17 cytokines, a Th2 cytokine IL-4 and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α appear to be concentrated mainly in the periphery.

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“…Older populations (>65 yrs of age) are the most vulnerable to severe viral illnesses including influenza A virus (IAV) infections, following which many succumb to pneumonia caused by secondary bacterial infections (Thompson et al 2003). Similarly, aging remains the highest risk factor for severe infection with West Nile virus (WNV) (Gray and Webb 2014; Montgomery 2017; Montgomery and Murray 2015; Yao and Montgomery 2016). Age-related changes in innate immunity to many viruses remain to be fully explored, with a limited number of studies available to draw upon at present.…”

Section: Responses To Viral Infections In Older Individualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced dynamic range of antiviral innate immune responses in aging

Molony

Malawista

Montgomery

2018

Experimental Gerontology

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The worldwide population aged≥65years is increasing and the average life span is expected to increase another 10years by 2050. This extended lifespan is associated with a progressive decline in immune function and a paradoxical state of low-grade, chronic inflammation that may contribute to susceptibility to viral infection, and reduced responses to vaccination. Here we review the effects of aging on innate immune responses to viral pathogens including elements of recognition, signaling, and production of inflammatory mediators. We specifically focus on age-related changes in key pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways, converging on altered cytokine responses, including a notable impairment of antiviral interferon responses. We highlight an emergent change in innate immunity that arises during aging - the dampening of the dynamic range of responses to multiple sources of stimulation - which may underlie reduced efficiency of immune responses in aging.

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Role of Immune Aging in Susceptibility to West Nile Virus

Cited by 15 publications

References 90 publications

Effects of Aging on Parasite Biomass, Inflammation, Endothelial Activation, Microvascular Dysfunction and Disease Severity in Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Effects of Aging on Parasite Biomass, Inflammation, Endothelial Activation, Microvascular Dysfunction and Disease Severity in Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection

Reduced dynamic range of antiviral innate immune responses in aging

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