Role of<i>Hox</i>genes in stem cell differentiation

Seifert, Adrian M.; Werheid, David F; Knapp, Silvana M; Tobiasch, Edda

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.583

Cited by 123 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…As active versus inactive domains of Hox clusters are labeled by the absence or presence of Polycomb complexes, an interplay between these complexes and CTCF to establish these domains may occur (Narendra et al 2015). In some normal or pathological cases, however, particular Hox genes seem to be transcribed in isolation from their immediate neighbors (e.g., see Seifert et al 2015), thus escaping any type of collinear regulation, a situation difficult to reconcile with the above-mentioned hypothesis.…”

Section: Open For Business or Open By Business?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic timing, axial stem cells, chromatin dynamics, and the Hox clock

2017

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Collinear regulation of Hox genes in space and time has been an outstanding question ever since the initial work of Ed Lewis in 1978. Here we discuss recent advances in our understanding of this phenomenon in relation to novel concepts associated with large-scale regulation and chromatin structure during the development of both axial and limb patterns. We further discuss how this sequential transcriptional activation marks embryonic stem cell-like axial progenitors in mammals and, consequently, how a temporal genetic system is further translated into spatial coordinates via the fate of these progenitors. In this context, we argue the benefit and necessity of implementing this unique mechanism as well as the difficulty in evolving an alternative strategy to deliver this critical positional information.

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Section: Open For Business or Open By Business?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic timing, axial stem cells, chromatin dynamics, and the Hox clock

2017

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“…Among these molecules are the Hox transcription factors (TFs), homeodomain ( HD )-containing proteins that are required for patterning the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of all bilaterian animals [1]. Hox proteins are also implicated in organogenesis [2] as well as the specification of individual cell types [3], illustrating their wide range of activities during animal development.…”

Section: A Widely Used Set Of Hox Cofactors: the Tale Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Be Specific or Not: The Critical Relationship Between Hox And TALE Proteins

2016

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Hox proteins are key regulatory transcription factors that act in different tissues of the embryo to provide specific spatial and temporal coordinates to each cell. These patterning functions often depend on the presence of the TALE-homeodomain class cofactors, which form cooperative DNA-binding complexes with all Hox proteins. How this family of cofactors contributes to the highly diverse and specific functions of Hox proteins in vivo remains an important unsolved question. Here we review the most recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Hox-TALE function. In particular, we discuss the role of DNA shape, DNA- binding affinity and protein-protein interaction flexibility in dictating Hox-TALE specificity. We propose several models to explain how these mechanisms are integrated with each other in the context of the many distinct functions Hox and TALE factors carry out in vivo.

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“…HOXB7 can enhance the osteogenic differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 (Gao et al, 2015). Hoxa2 was also found up-regulated during osteogenic differentiation, while Hoxa9 was down-regulated (Seifert et al, 2015). In addition, overexpression of Hoxa2 induced the osteogenic differentiation, which inhibits Sox9 and chondrogenic differentiation (Seifert et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key transcription factors in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

2016

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that represent a promising source for regenerative medicine. MSCs are capable of osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and myogenic differentiation. Efficacy of differentiated MSCs to regenerate cells in the injured tissues requires the ability to maintain the differentiation toward the desired cell fate. Since MSCs represent an attractive source for autologous transplantation, cellular and molecular signaling pathways and micro-environmental changes have been studied in order to understand the role of cytokines, chemokines, and transcription factors on the differentiation of MSCs. The differentiation of MSC into a mesenchymal lineage is genetically manipulated and promoted by specific transcription factors associated with a particular cell lineage. Recent studies have explored the integration of transcription factors, including Runx2, Sox9, PPARγ, MyoD, GATA4, and GATA6 in the differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, the overexpression of a single transcription factor in MSCs may promote trans-differentiation into specific cell lineage, which can be used for treatment of some diseases. In this review, we critically discussed and evaluated the role of transcription factors and related signaling pathways that affect the differentiation of MSCs toward adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, skeletal muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and smooth muscle cells.

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Role ofHoxgenes in stem cell differentiation

Cited by 123 publications

References 131 publications

Embryonic timing, axial stem cells, chromatin dynamics, and the Hox clock

Embryonic timing, axial stem cells, chromatin dynamics, and the Hox clock

To Be Specific or Not: The Critical Relationship Between Hox And TALE Proteins

Key transcription factors in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

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