Role of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>and Mycoplasmas in Chronic Prostatitis. A Review

Weidner, W.; Schiefer, Hans Gerd; Krauss, H

doi:10.1159/000281331

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…have also been implicated in chronic prostatitis. 17,18 Studies attempting to define a potential correlation between prostatitis and prostate cancer risk have reported both positive 19,20 and negative results 21 (also reviewed in Ref. 22).…”

Section: Contributors To Prostatic Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate cancer and inflammation: the evidence

Sfanos¹,

2011

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Chronic inflammation is now known to contribute to several forms of human cancer, with an estimated 20% of adult cancers attributable to chronic inflammatory conditions caused by infectious agents, chronic noninfectious inflammatory diseases and / or other environmental factors. Indeed, chronic inflammation is now regarded as an ‘enabling characteristic’ of human cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the evidence for a role for chronic inflammation in prostate cancer aetiology, with a specific focus on recent advances regarding the following: (i) potential stimuli for prostatic inflammation; (ii) prostate cancer immunobiology; (iii) inflammatory pathways and cytokines in prostate cancer risk and development; (iv) proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) as a risk factor lesion to prostate cancer development; and (v) the role of nutritional or other antiinflammatory compounds in reducing prostate cancer risk.

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Section: Contributors To Prostatic Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate cancer and inflammation: the evidence

Sfanos¹,

2011

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“…There are clinical concerns about long-term sequelae including infertility, prostatitis, and strictures. [11][12][13][14] Cases related to sexually transmitted infection (STI) present opportunities to screen for infection and to offer treatment, and for partner notification, which should not be missed. The National Strategy for Sexual Health and HIV has, since 2001, recommended a greater role for primary care providers in the care of STIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of epididymo-orchitis in primary care: results from a large UK primary care database

Nicholson¹,

Rait²,

Murray‐Thomas³

et al. 2010

Br J Gen Pract

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BackgroundEpididymo-orchitis is a common urological presentation in men but recent incidence data are lacking. Guidelines for management recommend detailed investigation and treatment for sexually transmitted pathogens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis. Data from secondary care indicate that these guidelines are poorly followed. It is not known how epididymo-orchitis is managed in UK general practice. AimTo estimate the incidence of cases of epididymoorchitis seen in UK general practice, and to describe their management. Design of studyCohort study. Setting UK general practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). MethodMen, aged 15-60 years, consulting with a first episode of epididymo-orchitis between 30 June 2003 and 30 June 2008 were identified. All records within 28 days either side of the diagnosis date were analysed to describe the management of these cases (including location) and to compare this management with guidelines. ResultsA total of 12 615 patients with a first episode of epididymo-orchitis were identified. The incidence was highest in 2004-2005 (25/10 000) and declined in the later years of the study. Fifty-seven per cent (6943) of patients were managed entirely within general practice. Of these, over 92% received an antibiotic, with ciprofloxacin being the most common one prescribed. Only 18% received a prescription for doxycycline. Most men, including those under 35 years, had no investigation recorded and fewer than 3% had a test for chlamydia. ConclusionThese results indicate low rates of specific testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections in males who attend general practice with symptoms of epididymo-orchitis. There is a need for further research to understand the pattern of care delivered in general practice.

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“…The presence of Mycoplasmataceae (Mh and Uu), found in pharyngeal scraping only justifies the precocious clinical symptomatology of incipient chronic fatigue syndrome, in spite of the normal level of aPL, aCL and LA, but confirmed by the positive reaction of positive VDRL (8), as immunological response of innate immune system, already abundantly stressed by all the low grade inflammatory agents, such as Ct, Cp, Mh and Uu, for several years before and during the flu vaccination, in these last three years. Lastly, the PSAt value of 1.12 ng/mL, at this stage of infection, represents the initial biohumoral alteration of benign prostate hyperplasia, indicating a TRUS imaging study that proved a few disreactive fibrous-calcific parenchymal areas in the prostatic parenchymal gland, clinically ascribable to a paucisymptomatic infection from chlamydial and urogenital mycoplasma presence (5,19,20) only, resulting negative for the Ng-DNA search of SF (Table II).…”

Section: Culture and Molecular Results And Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jugulodigastric Lymph Node Inflammation Derived from Chronic Atypical Oropharyngeal Phlogosis Recurring Annually after Flu Virus Vaccination: A Holistic Vision and a Clinical Case Solved after Chlamydicidal Antibiotic Therapy

Neri

Boccio

Pennelli

et al. 2012

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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In this report, we evaluated the case history of a patient with longstanding chronic pharyngitis who had periodic clinical manifestation for three years after a flu vaccine administration, and after various treatments tried to resolve the chronic pharyngitis with unsuccessful antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapies. The patient occasionally presented a slight ocular inflammation, while dysuria occurred after sexual activity. The search for common pathogens by use of pharyngeal swabs resulted only in Corynebacterium ulcerans growth. After this first result, we focused our investigations on ocular and uro-genital infections of Chlamydiaceae (Ct and Cp) and Mycoplasmataceae (Mh and Uu) families. We examined the patient's pharynx using molecular and culture techniques from three different sites. Although several infectious agents, including viruses and bacteria, causing chronic pharyngitis are reported in the literature, these ocular and uro-genital pathogens are seldomly routinely investigated in the same patient in ORL. Furthermore, while episodes of chronic pharyngitis is one ofthe most common clinical manifestation in ENT patients, these atypical pharyngitis represent ever-increasing infections which must always be considered and researched by suitable instruments such as PCR. Only from the collection of detailed medical history and careful observations of clinical manifestation, indicative of an oral chronic pathologic phenomenon of low intensity initiated several years previously, starting with sudden outbreak and relapse like a bout of flu', we suggest to study these atypical infecting agents frequently localized in the urogenital human area, awhich would allow to highlight and to recognize these clinical cases that manifest themselves as chronic inflammation of jugulodigastric lymph nodes, remaining still unrecognized and rarely associated to chlamydial infection, confused with the response to flu vaccination. After several specific cycles of antibiotic therapy, the patient's health improved considerably and showed almost complete regression of jugulodigastric lymph node inflammation.

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Role ofChlamydia trachomatisand Mycoplasmas in Chronic Prostatitis. A Review

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Prostate cancer and inflammation: the evidence

Prostate cancer and inflammation: the evidence

Management of epididymo-orchitis in primary care: results from a large UK primary care database

Jugulodigastric Lymph Node Inflammation Derived from Chronic Atypical Oropharyngeal Phlogosis Recurring Annually after Flu Virus Vaccination: A Holistic Vision and a Clinical Case Solved after Chlamydicidal Antibiotic Therapy

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