Role of Human Brown Fat in Obesity, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease: Strategies to Turn Up the Heat

Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Martínez-Téllez, Borja; Sánchez-Delgado, Guillermo; Osuna-Prieto, Francisco J.; Rensen, Patrick C.N.; Boon, Mariëtte R.

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.002

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…However, the exact volume of human BAT remains unknown, and there are conflicting reports on whether or not BAT activation, even at its full capacity, would be enough to significantly affect energy expenditure. 121 Attempts to activate BAT through adenoceptor agonists proved to be effective in mice but did not yield similar results in clinical trials because of lack of bioavailability. 122 Whether the direct use of BMPs and their inhibitors can be more effective in reducing body fat remains to be seen.…”

Section: Unanswered Questions and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretically, BAT activation would lead to an increase of energy expenditure and modify the balance between energy intake/expenditure. However, the exact volume of human BAT remains unknown, and there are conflicting reports on whether or not BAT activation, even at its full capacity, would be enough to significantly affect energy expenditure . Attempts to activate BAT through adenoceptor agonists proved to be effective in mice but did not yield similar results in clinical trials because of lack of bioavailability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond the bone: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose tissue

Blázquez‐Medela

Jumabay

Boström³

2019

Obesity Reviews

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Summary The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the same superfamily as related to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), and activins. They were initially described as inducers of bone formation but are now known to be involved in morphogenetic activities and cell differentiation throughout the body, including the development of adipose tissue and adipogenic differentiation. BMP4 and BMP7 are the most studied BMPs in adipose tissue, with major roles in white adipogenesis and brown adipogenesis, respectively, but other BMPs such as BMP2, BMP6, and BMP8b as well as some inhibitors and modulators have been shown to also affect adipogenesis. It has become ever more important to understand adipose regulation, including the BMP pathways, in light of the strong links between obesity and metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the available information on BMP signaling in adipose tissue using preferentially articles that have appeared in the last decade, which together demonstrate the importance of BMP signaling in adipose biology.

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Section: Unanswered Questions and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the bone: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose tissue

Blázquez‐Medela

Jumabay

Boström³

2019

Obesity Reviews

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“…There is increasing evidence that the rise in diabetes is partly mediated by the increase in global temperatures over the past 20 years. 1,2 This has been observed across the general population in the USA 3 and, in pregnant women in Canada relative to the onset of gestational diabetes. 4 Moreover, the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Canada is higher in the summer and rising ambient temperatures in the 3-4 weeks prior to third trimester glucose tolerance testing can predict gestational diabetes onset.…”

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confidence: 83%

Brown adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis – the link between climate change and the global rise in obesity and diabetes

et al. 2018

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REVIEWBrown adipose tissue and glucose homeostasisthe link between climate change and the global rise in obesity and diabetes ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that the global rise in temperature is contributing to the onset of diabetes, which could be mediated by a concomitant reduction in brown fat activity. Brown (and beige) fat are characterised as possessing a unique mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein (UCP)1 that when activated can rapidly generate large amounts of heat. Primary environmental stimuli of UCP1 include cold-exposure and diet, leading to increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and large amounts of lipid and glucose being oxidised by brown fat. The exact contribution remains controversial, although recent studies indicate that the amount of brown and beige fat in adult humans has been greatly underestimated. We therefore review the potential mechanisms by which glucose could be utilised within brown and beige fat in adult humans and the extent to which these are sensitive to temperature and diet. This includes the potential contribution from the peridroplet and cytoplasmic mitochondrial sub-fractions recently identified in brown fat, and whether a proportion of glucose oxidation could be UCP1independent. It is thus predicted that as new methods are developed to assess glucose metabolism by brown fat, a more accurate determination of the thermogenic and non-thermogenic functions could be feasible in humans. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The following data were collected from each included study: (1) study year, (2) participant characteristics (age, sex, and BMI), (3) cooling protocol followed, (4) IRT technology used, (5) IRT methodology used, (6) SST after cold intervention, (7) reference methods and comparisons, and (8) conclusions.…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009, several studies demonstrated the presence of metabolically active BAT in humans via the measurement of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) uptake as determined by positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning following exposure to cold (2)(3)(4). The high metabolic activity of BAT, and its ability to consume both glucose and fatty acids, suggest that it may have potential as a therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Thermography for Estimating Supraclavicular Skin Temperature and BAT Activity in Humans: A Systematic Review

Jiménez-Pavón

Corral-Pérez

Sánchez‐Infantes

et al. 2019

Obesity

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Objective Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue with potential as a therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The most used technique for quantifying human BAT activity is the measurement of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake via a positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan following exposure to cold. However, several studies have indicated the measurement of the supraclavicular skin temperature (SST) by infrared thermography (IRT) to be a less invasive alternative. This work reviews the state of the art of this latter method as a means of determining BAT activity in humans. Methods The data sources for this review were PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost (SPORTdiscus), and eligible studies were those conducted in humans. Results In most studies in which participants were first cooled, an increase in IRT‐measured SST was noted. However, only 5 of 24 such studies also involved a nuclear technique that confirmed increased activity in BAT, and only 2 took into account the thickness of the fat layer when measuring SST by IRT. Conclusions More work is needed to understand the involvement of tissues other than BAT in determining IRT‐measured SST; at present, IRT cannot determine whether any increase in SST is due to increased BAT activity.

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Role of Human Brown Fat in Obesity, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease: Strategies to Turn Up the Heat

Cited by 61 publications

References 164 publications

Beyond the bone: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose tissue

Beyond the bone: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose tissue

Brown adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis – the link between climate change and the global rise in obesity and diabetes

Infrared Thermography for Estimating Supraclavicular Skin Temperature and BAT Activity in Humans: A Systematic Review

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