Role of hormones in bone remodeling in the craniofacial complex: A review

Tunheim, Erin Grinde; Skallevold, Hans Erling; Rokaya, Dinesh

doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.01.009

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…Oxytocin (OT), which was discovered in 1906, is a neuropeptide with a relative molecular mass of 1,007 (Da) and is composed of cysteine–tyrosine–isoleucine–glutamine–asparagine–cysteine–proline–leucine–glycine ( Froemke and Young, 2021 ; Camerino C, 2023 ). It is primarily synthesized in the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, transported to the posterior pituitary for storage, and released into the bloodstream in response to appropriate stimulation ( Tunheim et al, 2023 ). Additionally, some peripheral tissues and organs can also synthesize and secrete OT, such as the uterus, ovary, villi, placenta, testis, adrenal gland, thymus, pancreas, and heart ( Kerem and Lawson, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism of oxytocin and its receptors in regulating cells in bone metabolism

Feixiang,

Yanchen,

Xiang

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide known to affect social behavior and cognition. The epigenetic modification of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) via DNA methylation stimulates parturition and breast milk secretion and inhibits craniopharyngioma, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer growth significantly as well as directly regulates bone metabolism in their peripheral form rather than the central form. OT and OTR can be expressed on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts (OB), osteoclasts (OC), osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. OB can synthesize OT under the stimulation of estrogen as a paracrine–autocrine regulator for bone formation. OT/OTR, estrogen, and OB form a feed-forward loop through estrogen mediation. The osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OPG)/receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway is crucially required for OT and OTR to exert anti-osteoporosis effect. Downregulating the expression of bone resorption markers and upregulating the expression of the bone morphogenetic protein, OT could increase BMSC activity and promote OB differentiation instead of adipocytes. It could also stimulate the mineralization of OB by motivating OTR translocation into the OB nucleus. Moreover, by inducing intracytoplasmic Ca2+ release and nitric oxide synthesis, OT could regulate the OPG/RANKL ratio in OB and exert a bidirectional regulatory effect on OC. Furthermore, OT could increase the activity of osteocytes and chondrocytes, which helps increase bone mass and improve bone microstructure. This paper reviews recent studies on the role of OT and OTR in regulating cells in bone metabolism as a reference for their clinical use and research based on their reliable anti-osteoporosis effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism of oxytocin and its receptors in regulating cells in bone metabolism

Feixiang,

Yanchen,

Xiang

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…It is believed that when the balance is lost between bone resorption and bone formation, bone density decreases, leading to osteoporosis [15]. Moreover, bone remodeling is very complex, involving multiple hormones such as estrogen [16,17]. Osteoporosis refers to a condition in which bone mass decreases and bone structure deteriorates, weakening bone strength and increasing susceptibility to fractures [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blackcurrant extract promotes the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts

Nanashima

Horie

Oey

2023

Preprint

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Background The risk of developing osteoporosis in menopausal women increases as estrogen secretion decreases. Blackcurrant extract (BCE) has been reported to ameliorate osteoporosis; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Furthermore, although BCE has phytoestrogenic activity, its effects on osteoblasts are unknown. In this study, mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were used to investigate BCE-mediated attenuation of osteoporosis, with a focus on osteogenesis. Methods and Results After treating MC3T3-E1 cells with BCE for 48 h, the total number of cells was counted, and no conspicuous differences were observed. The levels of osteoblast differentiation markers, alkaline phosphatase activity, and total collagen content increased in BCE-treated cells on days 3–14. Additionally, the expression of genes encoding osteoblast differentiation markers, including collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2, increased in BCE-treated cells. At 21 days of treatment, calcified nodule levels were increased. Conclusions These findings show that BCE may promote osteogenesis by inducing osteoblast differentiation.

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“…In addition to the treatment of osteoporosis, recent studies in the dental eld have evaluated the effects of PTH on orthodontic tooth movement, periodontitis, dry socket (alveolar osteitis), osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), dental implant osseointegration, alveolar bone augmentation, and guided bone regeneration [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parathyroid hormone on the microarchitecture and bone remodeling of alveolar bone under physiologic mastication forces: An in vivo study in dogs

Kyoung,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background This study investigates the anabolic effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration on alveolar bone under physiological mastication force. Methods Three mongrel dogs were each injected once weekly for 20 weeks with vehicle (CON), 1.6 µg/kg PTH (PTH1.6), or 3.2 µg/kg PTH (PTH3.2). Bone density and maxillary alveolar trabecular bone remodeling were evaluated through bone microarchitectural and histomorphometric analyses using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), fluorescence labeling, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results Micro-CT showed that bone mass and density increased with increasing occlusal force in all subjects. Trabecular bone volume and bone mineral density increased significantly in the PTH1.6 subject but decreased in the PTH3.2 subject when compared to the control subject. Fluorescence labeling showed that new bone formation was the greatest in the PTH1.6 subject, followed by the PTH3.2 and CON subjects. In all subjects, new bone formation increased with increasing occlusal forces. H&E staining revealed no significant differences in the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts according to PTH dose or occlusal force. Conclusions Our results showed that moderate doses of PTH had greater anabolic effects than high doses. Furthermore, bone density and formation were enhanced with stronger occlusal forces.

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Role of hormones in bone remodeling in the craniofacial complex: A review

Cited by 6 publications

References 121 publications

The mechanism of oxytocin and its receptors in regulating cells in bone metabolism

The mechanism of oxytocin and its receptors in regulating cells in bone metabolism

Blackcurrant extract promotes the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts

Effects of parathyroid hormone on the microarchitecture and bone remodeling of alveolar bone under physiologic mastication forces: An in vivo study in dogs

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