Role of gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome: a review of recent evidence

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is a complex entity comprised of multiple cardiovascular risk factors grouped in a single individual, contributing to an increased rate of cardiovascular events which goes beyond what would be expected given the impact of each individual risk factor. It is a multifactorial condition whose complete pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Several studies have shown that not only the intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis may play a role in its pathogenesis, but also that modulating said microbiota may play a role in treating or at least ameliorating the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this article is to review some of the most recent evidence linking the gut microbiome and the metabolic syndrome to help further understand this relationship and try to identify further research directions.

Correlation Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolome With Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Metabolic Disorders

“…Accumulating evidence has recognized MetS to be a systemic proinflammatory state with gut flora dysbiosis and adipose inflammation as putative pathogenic mechanisms. A series of studies showed that chronic high-fat diets (HFDs) could alter gut microbiota composition and cause defects of the intestinal barrier that facilitate enterotoxin entry into systemic circulation ( Cani et al., 2007 ; Greenhill, 2015 ; Alveirinho et al., 2020 ). Meanwhile, rapid hypertrophy of adipocytes results in tissue hypoxia and secretion of adipokines (such as IL-6 and TNF-α), which recruit macrophages to secrete proinflammatory factors, exacerbating systemic inflammation and further contributing to insulin resistance ( Lumeng et al, 2007 ; Winer et al., 2016 ).…”