Role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases

Novaković﻿﻿﻿, Marko; Rout, Amit; Kingsley, Thomas C.; Kirchoff, Robert W.; Singh, Amteshwar; Verma, Vipin; Kant, Ravi; Chaudhary, Rahul

doi:10.4330/wjc.v12.i4.110

Cited by 125 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…107 Cardiovascular disease is accompanied by an imbalance of gut microbiota and a decreased microbiome diversity. [108][109][110] Hypertension is likely to be influenced by diet, lifestyle factors, and microbiome. 111 Notably, an increase in SCFA was previously associated with decreased blood pressure and improved arterial compliance.…”

Section: Comorbidities As Risk Factors For Covid-19 Associated With Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

Villapol

2020

Translational Research

300

302

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the greatest worldwide pandemic since the 1918 flu. The consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are devastating and represent the current major public health issue across the globe. At the onset, SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system as it represents the main point of entry in the host, but it also can affect multiple organs. Although most of the patients do not present symptoms or are mildly symptomatic, some people infected with SARS-CoV-2 that experience more severe multiorgan dysfunction. The severity of COVID-19 is typically combined with a set of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and/or advanced age that seriously exacerbates the consequences of the infection. Also, SARS-CoV-2 can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain during the early phases of the disease. Intestinal dysfunction induces changes in intestinal microbes, and an increase in inflammatory cytokines. Thus, diagnosing gastrointestinal symptoms that precede respiratory problems during COVID-19 may be necessary for improved early detection and treatment. Uncovering the composition of the microbiota and its metabolic products in the context of COVID-19 can help determine novel biomarkers of the disease and help identify new therapeutic targets. Elucidating changes to the microbiome as reliable biomarkers in the context of COVID-19 represent an overlooked piece of the disease puzzle and requires further investigation. (Translational Research 2020; 226:57À69) Abbreviations: ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; ACE2 = Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II; CNS = central nervous system; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; CPR = C-reactive protein; H1N1 = influenza A virus; IL = Interleukin; MERS = Middle East respiratory syndrome; PRS = proteomic risk score; SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SCFA = short-chain fatty acids; RAS = renin-angiotensin system; ROS = Reactive oxygen species; RT-PCR = reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; TMPRSS2 = transmembrane serine protease 2; TNFa = tumor necrosis factor alpha;

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Section: Comorbidities As Risk Factors For Covid-19 Associated With Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

Villapol

2020

Translational Research

300

302

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“…Higher amounts of Lactobacillales and lower levels of Bacteroides and Prevotella has been observed in patients with coronary artery disease [123] Prevotella Abundant levels in patients with hypertension compared with healthy controls [124] Lactobacillales, Collinsella, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcus spp Levels altered in patients with atherosclerotic CVD [125] Veillonella spp and Streptococcus spp Presented in atherosclerotic plaques in human patients. Correlated with their abundance in the oral cavity [126] HFD: high-fat diet, SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids, CVD: cardiovascular disease, HF: heart failure.…”

Section: Type Of Bacteria Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge

Gutiérrez–Cuevas

Sandoval-Rodríguez

Meza-Ríos

et al. 2021

Cells

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Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation, and worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. Excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides in obese individuals promote ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, skeletal muscle tissue, and heart, among others, inducing insulin resistance, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These diseases are promoted by visceral white adipocyte tissue (WAT) dysfunction through an increase in pro-inflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and adverse changes in the gut microbiome. In the heart, obesity and T2D induce changes in substrate utilization, tissue metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, leading to myocardial fibrosis and ultimately cardiac dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, also improve insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity-linked CVD pathophysiology, considering pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones, as well as the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and PPARs. In addition, cell lines and animal models, biomarkers, gut microbiota dysbiosis, epigenetic modifications, and current therapeutic treatments in CVD associated with obesity are outlined in this paper.

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“…There is a growing body of evidence that gut dysbiosis may contribute to the development and progression of obesity and CVD, primarily increasing oxidative and inflammation state [19,20]. Based on these data, several studies have analyzed how prebiotic and probiotic supplementation could be useful to restoring gut eubiosis and consequently improve cardiometabolic state [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions

Senesi

Luzi

Terruzzi

2020

IJMS

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: It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network that plays a crucial role in obesity and above all in cardiac diseases associated with obesity. In particular, the interaction between adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines is mainly involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage characterized obesity condition. Identifying new therapeutic agents or treatment having a positive action on the expression of these molecules could have a key positive effect on the management of obesity and its cardiac complications. Results from recent studies indicate that several nutritional interventions, including nutraceutical supplements, could represent new therapeutic agents on the adipo-myo-cardiokines network. This review focuses the biological action on the main adipokines, myokines and cardiokines involved in obesity and cardiovascular diseases and describe the principal nutraceutical approaches able to regulate leptin, adiponectin, apelin, irisin, natriuretic peptides, and follistatin-like 1 expression.

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Role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 125 publications

References 97 publications

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge

Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions

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