Role of Group 1 CD1-Restricted T Cells in Infectious Disease

Abstract

The evolutionarily conserved CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules presents lipid antigens rather than peptide antigens to T cells. CD1 molecules, unlike classical MHC molecules, display limited polymorphism, making CD1-restricted lipid antigens attractive vaccine targets that could be recognized in a genetically diverse human population. Group 1 CD1 (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c)-restricted T cells have been implicated to play critical roles in a variety of autoimmune and infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and recent discoveries on the development of group 1 CD1-restricted T cells and their function in different infection models. In particular, we focus on (1) newly identified microbial and self-lipid antigens, (2) kinetics, phenotype, and unique properties of group 1 CD1-restricted T cells during infection, and (3) the similarities of group 1 CD1-restricted T cells to the closely related group 2 CD1-restricted T cells.

Host-Directed Therapy as a Novel Treatment Strategy to Overcome Tuberculosis: Targeting Immune Modulation

“…Infected cells also secrete different cytokines, including IL-12, IL-23, IL-7, IL-15, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leading to attraction of more leukocytes to the site of infection [14]. Moreover, CD1-restricted T cells are activated through the presentation of glycolipid and lipid antigens by DCs [34]. It has been reviewed by Joosten et al that donor-unrestricted T cells, comprising CD1-restricted T cells can recognize numerous antigens expressed by Mtb, including antigens expressed in BCG (Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin).…”

CD1b-autoreactive T cells contribute to hyperlipidemia-induced skin inflammation in mice

“…Since mice express only CD1d, very little is known about the in vivo function of group 1 CD1-restricted T cells (22). All 4 types of CD1 molecules are expressed on double-positive (CD4 + CD8 + ) thymocytes (23,24). While CD1d is expressed on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells in the periphery, group 1 CD1 expression is restricted to antigen-presenting cells (23,24).…”

“…All 4 types of CD1 molecules are expressed on double-positive (CD4 + CD8 + ) thymocytes (23,24). While CD1d is expressed on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells in the periphery, group 1 CD1 expression is restricted to antigen-presenting cells (23,24). Over the years, it has become apparent that autoreactivity is a common feature of CD1-restricted T cells (16,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Contextual Cell Death in Adaptive Immunity: Selecting a Winning Response

“…There are many ways to satisfy this requirement. The NKG2D receptor is one example where degeneracy of binding to multiple ligands ensures a high probability of engagement against a wide range of threats (20). Degeneracy is also true for CD1-restricted NKT cells, which show limited TCR diversity but combat a wide range of bacterial lipids (21).…”