Role of green tea catechins in prevention of age‐related cognitive decline: Pharmacological targets and clinical perspective

Abstract

Over the past decade, a wide range of scientific investigations have been performed to reveal neuropathological aspects of cognitive disorders; however, only limited therapeutic approaches currently exist. The failures of conventional therapeutic options as well as the predicted dramatic rise in the prevalence of cognitive decline in the coming future show the necessity for novel therapeutic agents. Recently, a wide range of research has focused on pharmacological activities of green tea catechins worldwide. Current investigations have clarified mechanistic effects of the catechins in inflammatory cascades, oxidative damages, different cellular transcription as well as transduction pathway in various body systems. It has been demonstrated that green tea polyphenols prevent age-related neurodegeneration through improvement of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms, modulation of neural growth factors, attenuation of neuroinflammatory pathway, and regulation of apoptosis. The catechins exhibited beneficial effects in cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, MS, and Parkinson's disease. The present review discusses the current pharmacological targets, which can be involved in the treatment of cognitive decline and addresses the action of catechin derivatives elicited from green tea on the multiple neural targets.

Chronic Polyphenon-60 or Catechin Treatments Increase Brain Monoamines Syntheses and Hippocampal SIRT1 LEVELS Improving Cognition in Aged Rats

“…Green tea extract is a widely consumed beverage related to several beneficial health effects due to its polyphenolic content. Most of its therapeutic potential has been associated to age-related diseases [16,19,41,42], in which oxidative stress and inflammaging have been identified as the leading underlying molecular mechanisms; mainly for brain alterations [16,25,27,[43][44][45]. Indeed, like other polyphenolic compounds, the major polyphenolic compounds found in green tea extracts are catechins, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.…”

Pistacia Genus as a Potential Source of Neuroprotective Natural Products

“…There have been several reviews to date on the neuroprotective properties of catechins, which were mostly through antioxidation and anti-inflammation effects mainly involving Nrf2 and NF-kB signaling pathways [147,150,151]. One in vivo study has revealed that it can improve cognitive impairment induced by doxorubicin via increasing antioxidant defense, preventing neuroinflammation, and inhibiting AChE [152].…”

“…The neuroprotective effects of quercetin are manifested through different signaling pathways, including regulation of cytokines via Nrf2, JNK, protein kinase C, MAPK signaling cascades, and PI3K/Akt pathways [173]. Moreover, quercetin has been indicated to be effective in attenuating diabetes-induced neurodegeneration and inflammation due to inhibition of the STAT [150].…”

Protection from the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders, including Alzheimer’s Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington’s Disease, and Parkinson’s Diseases, through the Mitigation of Reactive Oxygen Species

“…Considering the role of OS and in lammation in the onset and progression of PD, it has been found that dietary polyphenols such as catechins, anthocyanins, resveratrol, thea lavins, and curcumin may offer signi icant therapeutic bene it in PD [183,184]. Owing to their biological impacts, including as antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-in lammatory agents, as well as their lipid-reducing traits, lavonoids may impart a wide range of health bene its, including diminished risk of PD [97,[185][186][187]. A study of 130,000 participants showed that a high intake of lavonoids reduced the risk of PD [188].…”