Role of Graph Theory to Facilitate Landscape Connectivity: Subdivision of a Harary Graph

The study focuses on the ambient air pollutants levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in two major industrial estates. The data was collected from different Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certified laboratories. The results revealed that before the COVID-19 pandemic or lockdown the levels of ambient air pollutants were above the Punjab Environment Quality Standards (PEQs) limit, during lockdown conditions these were within PEQs limits. The change was gradual due to a decline in emissions coming from different sources like vehicles and industries during the period of COVID-19 and limited human movement within the study area. The Sunder Industrial Estate (SIE) was less polluted as compared to Quaid e Azam Industrial Estate (QIE), but in the case of different pollutants, some pollutants in SIE were high compared with QIE. It was observed that the ambient air pollutants meditations will reduce regularly and keep declining to the least limit during the COVID-19 induced lockdowns. In crux, the quality of ambient air in the study area improved notably during the lockdown registering reduced concentrations of NOx, SO 2 , SPM, CO, and PM emissions, resulting in health benefits for the population.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Lockdowns in Industrial Areas and Outdoor Climatology Indices

Zaman¹,

Ali²,

Nazir³

et al. 2022

“…The main objective of this paper is to unify and define the rules for creating mine surveying documentation, especially the graphical part, by defining rules which describe the creation of mine surveying documentation, however particularly basic mining maps, surface maps and special-purpose maps in digital form. The graphical part of mine surveying documentation should be drawn up in the CAD and GIS graphic environments [21][22][23][24][25]. Fulfilling this objective requires an assessment of the geodetic methods and a complete view of the current legislation in the field of mine surveying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Standardizing the Mapping of Surface Mining Operations for the Purpose of Minimizing Errors and Impacts on the Environment

Kyšeľa¹,

Blištán²,

Végsöová³

2021

This paper presents a comprehensive view of mine surveying and proposes standards of how to address this issue. The problem is related to the worn-out system for creating mining mapwork, which no longer meets the requirements of the present age. The aim of the research is to devise and propose a new functional system of standardization of map works (STAMAP) for the needs of the practice and the environment, which is being developed at FBERG. The creation of mine surveying documentation contains information relating to the environment and therefore it is necessary to harmonize the creation of a specific group of spatial information with current European legislation represented by the INSPIRE directive. The new system developed, STAMAP, uses a new classification of map symbols, the CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow) colour scale and systematization of graphic files. The paper also includes practical and functional verification of the usability/functionality of the proposed standards using the example of creating digital mine surveying documentation for the Brestov quarry. The new scientific approach for standardizing map work, the STAMAP system, has up to 50% better results in terms of creating and identifying mine surveying documentation compared to the current situation.

“…The growing needs of increasing world population are heading towards massive industrialization and urbanization may led to environmental contamination [1,2]. Paper and board products have become indispensable items for routine life and worldwide annual consumption of paper is now up to 300 million tons [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Enrichment of Soil Irrigated with Paper and Board Mill (PBM) Effluents

Younas¹,

Iqbal²,

Saeed³

et al. 2020

Self Cite

The usage of industrial effluents for agricultural purposes has become common practice both in developing and developed countries. Industrial effluents may add significant amount of nutrients for the nourishment of soil. However, the presence of various pollutants in effluents may deteriorate physicochemical nature of soil. The current study presents the effect of different proportions (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) of PBM effluents containing heavy metals on physicochemical properties of soil. These soil samples were analyzed at regular intervals of 30, 60 and 90 days. The findings of the study indicate that lower proportions (20 and 40%) of PBM effluents may be preferred for long-term irrigation. On the other hand, higher proportions (60, 80 and 100 %) of PBM effluents may cause adverse effects on physicochemical characteristics of soil within short duration of irrigation.