Role of Gonadotropins in Adult-Onset Functional Hypogonadism

Huhtaniemi, Ilpo

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77111-9_3

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Spermatogenesis is also regulated by endocrine factors depending on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, whereby Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) stimulates the anterior pituitary to release Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), that will produce stimuli to produce gonadal steroids and for the development of germ cells ( 98 , 99 ). LH hormone receptors (LHR) stimulate the process of steroidogenesis and act during the development and maintenance of spermatogenesis ( 100 ), their expression takes place in Leydig cells and are essential for fertility in mammals ( 68 ).…”

Section: Testicular Morphophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials for Testicular Bioengineering: How far have we come and where do we have to go?

et al. 2023

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Traditional therapeutic interventions aim to restore male fertile potential or preserve sperm viability in severe cases, such as semen cryopreservation, testicular tissue, germ cell transplantation and testicular graft. However, these techniques demonstrate several methodological, clinical, and biological limitations, that impact in their results. In this scenario, reproductive medicine has sought biotechnological alternatives applied for infertility treatment, or to improve gamete preservation and thus increase reproductive rates in vitro and in vivo. One of the main approaches employed is the biomimetic testicular tissue reconstruction, which uses tissue-engineering principles and methodologies. This strategy pursues to mimic the testicular microenvironment, simulating physiological conditions. Such approach allows male gametes maintenance in culture or produce viable grafts that can be transplanted and restore reproductive functions. In this context, the application of several biomaterials have been proposed to be used in artificial biological systems. From synthetic polymers to decellularized matrixes, each biomaterial has advantages and disadvantages regarding its application in cell culture and tissue reconstruction. Therefore, the present review aims to list the progress that has been made and the continued challenges facing testicular regenerative medicine and the preservation of male reproductive capacity, based on the development of tissue bioengineering approaches for testicular tissue microenvironment reconstruction.

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