Role of glutathione and glutathione S-transferase in the selectivity of acetochlor in maize and wheat

Specific Binding of a Dichloroacetamide Herbicide Safener in Maize at a Site That Also Binds Thiocarbamate and Chloroacetanilide Herbicides

“…The two hypotheses of safener action, stimulation of detoxification and competition for the same site, are not mutually exclusive (Fuerst, 1987). For example, herbicides themselves can protect plants against subsequent exposure to the same or related herbicides (Ezra et al, 1985), and herbicides elevate GSH and GSH precursor levels and induce GSTs (Dean et al, 1990;Farago and Brunold, 1990;Jablonkai and Hatzios, 1991). A model consistent with existing experimental evidence and with the hypothesis that SafBA is the initial site of action of Saf is that SafBA is involved in transduction of two pathways: one leading to elevation of GSH and induction of GSTs, which is triggered by a11 three classes of compounds (dichloroacetamide safeners and thiocarbamate and chloroacetanilide herbicides), and the other leading to phytotoxicity, which is triggered only by the herbicides.…”

Synthesis, antileishmanial activity and QSAR studies of 2-chloro- N -arylacetamides

“…Furthermore, these compounds have been widely used as intermediates for the synthesis of bioactive substances (Amrutkar et al, 2012;Siddiqui et al, 2010;Juddhawala, Parekh, Rawal, 2011;Harkov et al, 2013), highlighting the relevance of these compounds in pharmacological, agricultural and synthetic fields. Their biological activity is considered to result from alkylation of essential nucleophiles (Jaworski, 1969;Jablonkai, 2003), especially those containing thiol groups (Jaworski, 1956), such as glutathione and thiol-containing enzymes (Jablonkai, Hatzios, 1991;Jablonkai, Dutka, 1992).…”

Acetochlor in the Hydrologic System in the Midwestern United States, 1994

“…However, acetochlor has had a multiyear history of international use prior to its registration in the United States (2)(3)(4). Acetochlor is a preemergent herbicide used to control competing grasses and some broadleaf weeds in corn.…”