“…The theory of multivariate phenotypic evolu tion has been extrapolated from the theory for allele frequencies and uses generally the same equations (Fisher, 1930;Wright, 1968;Lande, 1976;Roff, 1997;Polly, 2008). The heritability of some craniometric characters varying in a range of 0.4-0.6 (Atchley et al, 1981) and of their linear combinations, which exceeds 0.9 in some cases (Efimov et al, 2005, Kovaleva et al, 2006, indicates that these characters are determined by gene complexes.…”