Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Control of Dendritic Cell Migration

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells. The migratory properties of DCs give them the capacity to be a sentinel of the body and the vital role in the induction and regulation of adaptive immune responses. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms in control of migration of DCs to lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. This may provide us novel insight into the clinical treatment of diseases such as autoimmune disease, infectious disease, and tumor. The chemotactic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) play a vital role in control of DCs migration. Here, we reviewed the recent advances regarding the role of GPCR in control of migration of subsets of DCs, with a focus on the chemokine receptors. Understanding subsets of DCs migration could provide a rational basis for the design of novel therapies in various clinical conditions.

Human Rhinovirus Infection of Epithelial Cells Modulates Airway Smooth Muscle Migration

“…A number of low-molecular weight chemoattractants, including chemokines, exert their effects via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are often linked to the G-protein, Gαi (19). We therefore studied whether the chemoattractant(s) contained in HRV-CM act through a Gαi-coupled GPCR by exposing ASMC to pertussis toxin (PTX), which ADP-ribosylates and inactivates Gαi, prior to performing migration assays.…”

CCR9 signaling in dendritic cells drives the differentiation of Foxp3+ Tregs and suppresses the allergic IgE response in the gut

“…During gut inflammation, CCR9 + CD11c + DCs show altered localization in the Peyer's patch and intestine as compared to homeostatic conditions. Since CCR9 is a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR), besides migration, it also affects several other functions of DCs . We show that CCR9 + DCs show immature phenotype and promote the differentiation of Tregs in vitro as well as in vivo and suppress the gut allergic response, whereas CCR9 − DCs expanded inflammatory Th17 cells in the GALT.…”

Addition of CpG ODN and Poly (I:C) to a standard maturation cocktail generates monocyte-derived dendritic cells and induces a potent Th1 polarization with migratory capacity

“…CCR5 was downregulated in immature DCs during maturation. 56,57 IL-12p70 is vital both in promoting Th1 polarization and in improving the ability of T-cell immune responses and IL-10 is a potent suppressor of T-cell function. 58,59 Synergism effect between poly (I:C) and CpG ODN for the activation of a macrophage lineage, which resulted in the synergistic induction of IL-12.…”