Role of Fusaric Acid Mycotoxin in Pathogensis Process of Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum

Selim, Mohamed E.; El-Gammal, Nehad A

doi:10.4172/2155-9821.1000255

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The two protein produced in xylem are coded by genes SIX1 and SIX2 are positioned within 8 kb of each other and are on one of the smallest chromosomes (Boix-Ruíz et al, 2015, Rep et al, 2004). The SIX1 product is a small protein rich in cysteine that had revealed to be essential for FOL virulence (Selim et al, 2015). Eight fungal proteins from xylem sap of diseased plant was identified and the genetic material for these proteins are present in the similar region of chromosome ( SIX1 , SIX2 ) (Maldonado et al, 2018, Sasaki et al, 2015).…”

Section: Virulence Genes Requirements For the Pathogenicity Of Folmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causal agent of vascular wilt disease of tomato: Biology to diversity– A review

Srinivas

Devi

Murthy

et al. 2019

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

184

125

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the widely grown vegetables worldwide. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is the significant contributory pathogen of tomato vascular wilt. The initial symptoms of the disease appear in the lower leaves gradually, trail by wilting of the plants. It has been reported that FOL penetrates the tomato plant, colonizing and leaving the vascular tissue dark brown, and this discoloration extends to the apex, leading to the plants wilting, collapsing and dying. Therefore, it has been widely accepted that wilting caused by this fungus is the result of a combination of various physiological activities, including the accumulation of fungal mycelia in and around xylem, mycotoxin production, inactivation of host defense, and the production of tyloses; however, wilting symptoms are variable. Therefore, the selection of molecular markers may be a more effective means of screening tomato races. Several studies on the detection of FOL have been carried out and have suggested the potency of the technique for diagnosing FOL. This review focuses on biology and variability of FOL, understanding and presenting a holistic picture of the vascular wilt disease of tomato in relation to disease model, biology, virulence. We conclude that genomic and proteomic approachesare greater tools for identification of informative candidates involved in pathogenicity, which can be considered as one of the approaches in managing the disease.

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Section: Virulence Genes Requirements For the Pathogenicity Of Folmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causal agent of vascular wilt disease of tomato: Biology to diversity– A review

Srinivas

Devi

Murthy

et al. 2019

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

184

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another in vitro study demonstrated that FA inactivates several clinical and soil isolates of Acanthamoeba, with an IC 50 value of 0.31 μM . As a phytotoxin, FA is known to play a critical role in accelerating the development of Fusarium wilt in numerous plants, such as banana and tomato plants. − …”

Section: Formation Toxicity and Occurrence Of Emerging Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Mycotoxins: Beyond Traditionally Determined Food Contaminants

Gruber-Dorninger¹,

Novak²,

Nagl³

et al. 2016

J. Agric. Food Chem.

301

212

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Modern analytical techniques can determine a multitude of fungal metabolites contaminating food and feed. In addition to known mycotoxins, for which maximum levels in food are enforced, also currently unregulated, so-called "emerging mycotoxins" were shown to occur frequently in agricultural products. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the relevance of selected emerging mycotoxins to food and feed safety. Acute and chronic toxicity as well as occurrence data are presented for enniatins, beauvericin, moniliformin, fusaproliferin, fusaric acid, culmorin, butenolide, sterigmatocystin, emodin, mycophenolic acid, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, and tenuazonic acid. By far not all of the detected compounds are toxicologically relevant at their naturally occurring levels and are therefore of little or no health concern to consumers. Still, gaps in knowledge have been identified for several compounds. These gaps should be closed by the scientific community in the coming years to allow a proper risk assessment.

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“…The HPF protected the leaves of the resistant banana cultivar from damage caused by the phytotoxic metabolites contained in a host-specific culture filtrate, suggesting the presence of avirulence determinants. Fusaric acid (5-n-butyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, C 10 H 13 NO 2 ) is a non-specific phytotoxin that is produced by many fungal pathogens to cause diseases in plants ( Niehaus et al, 2014 ; Brown et al, 2015 ; Selim and El-Gammal, 2015 ). The crude toxin extract from culture filtrates of Foc race 4 and pure FA had similar effects as the pathogen infection in Cavendish banana plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic Metabolites Produce by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 2

et al. 2021

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Banana is a major tropical fruit crop but banana production worldwide is seriously threatened due to Fusarium wilt. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of banana (also referred as Panama disease) is an asexual, soil inhabiting facultative parasite. Foc isolates can be classified into three races that are not defined genetically, but for their pathogenicity to different banana cultivars. Despite mycotoxins being some of the best studied virulence factors of phytopathogenic fungi and these have been useful for the prediction of Foc virulence on banana plants, toxins produced by Foc race 2 strains have not been previously identified. The aim of this contribution was to identify the phytotoxic metabolites closely related to banana wilt caused by a Foc race 2 strain. We used an in vitro bioassay on detached banana leaves to evaluate the specificity of the microbial culture filtrates before a partial purification and further identification of Foc race 2 phytotoxins. A 29-day-old host-specific culture filtrate was obtained but specificity of culture filtrate was unrecovered after partial purification. The non-specific phytotoxins were characterized as fusaric acid, beauvericin, and enniatin A. Whereas some, if not all, of these phytotoxins are important virulence factors, a proteinaceous fraction from the specific 29-day-old culture filtrate protected the leaves of the resistant banana cultivar from damage caused by such phytotoxic metabolites.

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Role of Fusaric Acid Mycotoxin in Pathogensis Process of Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causal agent of vascular wilt disease of tomato: Biology to diversity– A review

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causal agent of vascular wilt disease of tomato: Biology to diversity– A review

Emerging Mycotoxins: Beyond Traditionally Determined Food Contaminants

Phytotoxic Metabolites Produce by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 2

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