Role of functional groups in reaction kinetics of dithiothreitol with secondary organic aerosols

Jiang, Huanhuan; Ahmed, C. M. Sabbir; Zhao, Zixu; Zhang, Haofei; Canchola, Alexa; Lin, Ying-Hsuan

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114402

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Verma et al (2015) reported the importance of humic‐like substances (HULIS) such as quinones and secondary organic aerosols in ambient OP, and Yu et al (2018) reported interactions of HULIS, and transition metals should be considered for the DTT activity. In addition to the catalytic redox reactions of transition metals and quinones, noncatalytic DTT active organics such as organic hydro peroxides and electron‐deficient alkenes have been recently highlighted (Jiang et al, 2020). Thus far, the relative importance of chemical compositions to OP has not been well understood, but the importance of coexistence of metals and organics is a consensus (e.g., Charrier & Anastasio, 2012; Fang et al, 2019; Jiang et al, 2019; Saffari et al, 2014b; Shiraiwa et al, 2017; Yu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Transition Metals in East Asia and Japan and Its Emission Sources

et al. 2020

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Emission inventories of anthropogenic transition metals, which contribute to aerosol oxidative potential (OP), in Asia (Δx ¼ 0.25°, monthly, 2000-2008) and Japan (Δx ¼ 2 km, hourly, mainly 2012) were developed, based on bottom-up inventories of particulate matters and metal profiles in a speciation database for particulate matters. The new inventories are named Transition Metal Inventory (TMI)-Asia v1.0 and TMI-Japan v1.0, respectively. It includes 10 transition metals in PM 2.5 and PM 10 , which contributed to OP based on reagent experiments, namely, Cu, Mn, Co, V, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cd, and Cr. The contributions of sectors in the transition metals emission in Japan were also investigated. Road brakes and iron-steel industry are primary sources, followed by other metal industry, navigation, incineration, power plants, and railway. In order to validate the emission inventory, eight elements such as Cu, Mn, V, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Cr in anthropogenic dust and those in mineral dust were simulated over East Asia and Japan with Δx ¼ 30 km and Δx ¼ 5 km domains, respectively, and compared against the nationwide seasonal observations of PM 2.5 elements in Japan and the long-term continuous observations of total suspended particles (TSPs) at Yonago, Japan in 2013. Most of the simulated elements generally agreed with the observations, while Cu and Pb were significantly overestimated. This is the first comprehensive study on the development and evaluation of emission inventory of OP active elements, but further improvement is needed. Plain Language Summary Aerosol oxidative potential (OP) has been focused on as a better health hazard of aerosols than PM 2.5. OP is quantified by in vitro assays to mimic the in vivo generation of superoxide radicals to cause oxidative stress on human cells. OP has been reported to be more strongly associated with cardiorespiratory outcomes than PM 2.5. Transition metals ions, organics, and elementary carbon, together with their interactions, have been reported as important compounds, but the relative magnitudes of contributions to total OP have not yet been fully understood. In this study, as a first step, we developed emission inventories and a numerical model to predict OP active transition metals in Asia and Japan and compared them with observations. We also quantitatively derived the major emission sources for the important metals such as Cu, Mn, Fe, V, and Ni in Japan. The current study is the first step toward better predicting the health hazard of aerosols. As the next step in the future, water solubility of metals and OP active organics, together with their interactions, should be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Transition Metals in East Asia and Japan and Its Emission Sources

et al. 2020

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“…The resolved OP m of COA in this work is also comparable with that in the southeastern United States (90 ± 51 pmol/min/μg) (Verma, Fang, et al., 2015), although the Chinese‐style cooking exhibits a distinct difference with western‐style cooking (e.g., more frying in the Chinese‐style cooking) (X. Zhao et al., 2015). Various types of organic compounds can be generated during cooking (Z. Zhang et al., 2020), in which aromatic, aldehyde, and ketone species tend to be the important types of compounds contributing to OP, owing to their redox activity (Jiang et al., 2020; F. Li et al., 2024). OPOA, that is, the oxidized products of POA formed through atmospheric oxidation, is resolved with a relatively high OP m (120 ± 23 pmol/min/μg) in winter in BJ.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various types of organic compounds can be generated during cooking (Z. Zhang et al, 2020), in which aromatic, aldehyde, and ketone species tend to be the important types of compounds contributing to OP, owing to their redox activity (Jiang et al, 2020;F. Li et al, 2024).…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Organic Aerosol Components Contributing to the Oxidative Potential of PM_2.5 in the North China Plain

Liu,

Yang,

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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The oxidative potential (OP) of ambient particulate matter (PM) is a common metric for estimating PM toxicity and linking PM exposure to adverse health effects. Organic aerosol (OA), a dominant fraction of ambient PM worldwide, may significantly contribute to PM toxicity. Here, we investigated the source‐based OA components contributing to the OP of PM in the urban (Beijing, summer and winter) and rural (Gucheng, winter) environments of the North China Plain (NCP). Various OA components as identified by the aerosol mass spectrometer/aerosol chemical speciation monitor (AMS/ACSM), transition metals, and black carbon were compared with the OP of PM measured by dithiothreitol assays. The results consistently demonstrate the importance of OA as a contributor to PM's OP in both urban and rural NCP environments. Higher intrinsic OP was observed in winter Beijing than in summer, possibly due to OA being predominantly from anthropogenic sources in winter. Furthermore, different OA components were found to drive the response of OP in the two environments. More‐oxidized oxygenated OA (MO‐OOA), cooking OA, and oxidized primary OA (during winter) are the OA contributors to OP in the urban environment, with a dominant contribution from MO‐OOA. In contrast, biomass burning OA (BBOA) and OOA play a major role in the OP in the rural environment, with BBOA making the largest contribution. Overall, this work highlights the significance of OA in determining PM's OP and calls for more work to reveal the sources and characteristics of OA components contributing to OP across different regions.

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“…Derivatization of vaping emissions with 2,4-DNPH was used to estimate the levels of seven target carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, and benzaldehyde). The 2,4-DNPH derivatization method used was modified from a previously published paper [40]. Vaping emissions (total 25 puffs) from each e-liquid were collected using the same cold trap method and vaping topography described in Section 2.3.…”

Section: Quantification Of Carbonyls In Vaping Emissions Of E-liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl Composition and Electrophilicity in Vaping Emissions of Flavored and Unflavored E-Liquids

Canchola

Lin

2021

Toxics

Self Cite

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It has been demonstrated that propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), and flavoring chemicals can thermally degrade to form carbonyls during vaping, but less is known about carbonyl emissions produced by transformation of flavoring chemicals and the interactive effects among e-liquid constituents. This study characterized carbonyl composition and levels in vaping emissions of PG-VG (e-liquid base solvents) and four e-liquid formulations flavored with trans-2-hexenol, benzyl alcohol, l-(-)-menthol, or linalool. Utilizing gas chromatography (GC)- and liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) methods, 14 carbonyls were identified and quantified. PG-VG emitted highest levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. However, flavored e-liquids contributed to the production of a wider variety of carbonyls, with some carbonyls directly corresponding to the oxidation of alcohol moieties in flavoring compounds (e.g., trans-2-hexenol and benzyl alcohol transformed into trans-2-hexenal and benzaldehyde, respectively). Detections of formaldehyde-GSH and trans-2-hexenal-GSH adducts signify interactions of carbonyls with biological nucleophiles. The global reactivity descriptors (I, A, μ, η, and ω) and condensed Fukui parameters (fk0, fk−, fk+, and dual-descriptor) were computed to elucidate site reactivities of selected simple and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls found in vaping emissions. Overall, this study highlights carbonyl emissions and reactivities and their potential health risk effects associated with vaping.

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Role of functional groups in reaction kinetics of dithiothreitol with secondary organic aerosols

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Modeling Transition Metals in East Asia and Japan and Its Emission Sources

Modeling Transition Metals in East Asia and Japan and Its Emission Sources

Resolving Organic Aerosol Components Contributing to the Oxidative Potential of PM_2.5 in the North China Plain

Carbonyl Composition and Electrophilicity in Vaping Emissions of Flavored and Unflavored E-Liquids

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Role of functional groups in reaction kinetics of dithiothreitol with secondary organic aerosols

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Modeling Transition Metals in East Asia and Japan and Its Emission Sources

Modeling Transition Metals in East Asia and Japan and Its Emission Sources

Resolving Organic Aerosol Components Contributing to the Oxidative Potential of PM2.5 in the North China Plain

Carbonyl Composition and Electrophilicity in Vaping Emissions of Flavored and Unflavored E-Liquids

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Product

Resources

About

Resolving Organic Aerosol Components Contributing to the Oxidative Potential of PM_2.5 in the North China Plain