Role of Free Radicals in the Toxicity of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter

Dellinger, Barry; Pryor, William A.; Cueto, Rafael; Squadrito, G; Hegde, Vijay; Deutsch, Walter

doi:10.1021/tx010050x

Cited by 458 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There is growing recognition that the redox chemistry of organic chemical compounds plays a crucial role in the biological effect of ambient PM (Araujo et al 2008;Dellinger et al 2001;Li et al 2003aLi et al , 2003bLi et al , 2008Nel et al 2001;Squadrito et al 2001). Moreover, increased polar resolution of silica gel columns that were prior loaded with an organic DEP extract has shown that most of the redox cycling activity in the OC fraction segregates with the PAH-enriched aromatic as well as the quinone-enriched polar fractions (Li et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adjuvant Effect of Ambient Particulate Matter Is Closely Reflected by the Particulate Oxidant Potential

Li¹,

Wang²,

Bramble³

et al. 2009

Environ. Health Perspect.

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Background: It has been demonstrated that ambient particulate matter (PM) can act as an adjuvant for allergic sensitization. Redox-active organic chemicals on the particle surface play an important role in PM adverse health effects and may determine the adjuvant effect of different particle types according to their potential to perturb redox equilibrium in the immune system. oBjectives: We determined whether the adjuvant effect of ambient fine particles versus ultrafine particles (UFPs) is correlated to their prooxidant potential. Methods: We have established an intranasal sensitization model that uses ambient PM as a potential adjuvant for sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA), which enhances the capacity for secondary OVA challenge to induce allergic airway inflammation. results: UFPs with a greater polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content and higher oxidant potential enhanced OVA sensitization more readily than did fine particles. This manifests as enhanced allergic inflammation upon secondary OVA challenge, leading to eosinophilic inflammation and mucoid hyperplasia starting at the nasal turbinates all the way down to the small pulmonary airways. The thiol antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine was able to suppress some of these sensitization events. conclusions: The adjuvant effects of ambient UFP is determined by their oxidant potential, which likely plays a role in changing the redox equilibrium in the mucosal immune system. key words: adjuvant, allergic inflammation, allergic sensitization, ambient ultrafine particles, asthma, oxidant potential, oxidative stress, redox-active organic chemicals, T H 2 immune response. Environ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adjuvant Effect of Ambient Particulate Matter Is Closely Reflected by the Particulate Oxidant Potential

Li¹,

Wang²,

Bramble³

et al. 2009

Environ. Health Perspect.

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“…Additionally Cu can cause nasal septum perforation, pulmonary granuloma, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and lung cancer (Fang et al, 2010). It has recently been reported that heavy metals present on particles' surfaces plays a role in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Valavanidis et al, 2000;Dellinger et al, 2001). ROS in turn could cause damage to DNA and thus induce deleterious health effects.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pm and Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Hazardous Risks of Vehicle Inspection Workers’ Exposure to Particulate Heavy Metals in Their Work Places

Kong

Geng

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Exposure of on-duty vehicle inspection workers to heavy metals in Beijing was investigated from April 18 to May 17, 2011. Particulate samples were collected by personal environmental monitors during vehicle inspectors' work time, and were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) for V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb. The results showed that in three vehicle inspection lines, Zn was the most abundant element, accounting for over 45% of the total metal concentration. Cr and Pb were the next most abundant compositions. The geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor analysis showed that Cr, Zn, As, Cd and Pb exhibited heavy or extreme contamination and significant enrichment, indicating the influence of anthropogenic sources. Mn and Co were mostly non-enriched and were mainly influenced by crustal sources. Ni and V presented moderate or heavy contamination, and were influenced by both crustal materials and anthropogenic sources. Principle component analysis revealed that the major sources were vehicle emissions, re-suspended dust and industrial processes. Cr and Mn could trigger adverse non-cancer health effects. The median values of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of inhalation exposure route were estimated to be 2.59 × 10 , respectively for gasoline, bus, and diesel inspection workers, respectively. The ILCR was higher than the acceptable risk level of 10 -6 , indicating an unacceptable potential cancer risk.

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“…Environmental PM is a complex mixture of particles with varying properties. How the properties of exposure to PM contribute to altered early pulmonary immune responses and dendritic cell (DC) activation in vivo are unclear but may be attributable to cellular contact-dependent particle size and surface area of the PM species, elemental and hydrocarbon constitution and an inherent ability to differentially promote oxidative stress and acute inflammation [10][11][12][13][14] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Pulmonary Dendritic Cells and Th2-Type Inflammatory Responses on Instillation of Engineered, Environmental Diesel Emission Source or Ambient Air Pollutant Particles in vivo

et al. 2010

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The biological effects of acute particulate air pollution exposure in host innate immunity remain obscure and have relied largely on in vitro models. We hypothesized that single acute exposure to ambient or engineered particulate matter (PM) in the absence of other secondary stimuli would activate lung dendritic cells (DC) in vivo and provide information on the early immunological events of PM exposure and DC activation in a mouse model naïve to prior PM exposure. Activation of purified lung DC was studied following oropharyngeal instillation of ambient particulate matter (APM). We compared the effects of APM exposure with that of diesel-enriched PM (DEP), carbon black particles (CBP) and silver nanoparticles (AgP). We found that PM species induced variable cellular infiltration in the lungs and only APM exposure induced eosinophilic infiltration. Both APM and DEP activated pulmonary DC and promoted a Th2-type cytokine response from naïve CD4+ T cells ex vivo. Cultures of primary peribronchial lymph node cells from mice exposed to APM and DEP also displayed a Th2-type immune response ex vivo. We conclude that exposure of the lower airway to various PM species induces differential immunological responses and immunomodulation of DC subsets. Environmental APM and DEP activated DC in vivo and provoked a Th2 response ex vivo. By contrast, CBP and AgP induced altered lung tissue barrier integrity but failed to stimulate CD4+ T cells as effectively. Our work suggests that respirable pollutants activate the innate immune response with enhanced DC activation, pulmonary inflammation and Th2-immune responsiveness.

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Role of Free Radicals in the Toxicity of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter

Cited by 458 publications

References 35 publications

The Adjuvant Effect of Ambient Particulate Matter Is Closely Reflected by the Particulate Oxidant Potential

The Adjuvant Effect of Ambient Particulate Matter Is Closely Reflected by the Particulate Oxidant Potential

Assessing the Hazardous Risks of Vehicle Inspection Workers’ Exposure to Particulate Heavy Metals in Their Work Places

Activation of Pulmonary Dendritic Cells and Th2-Type Inflammatory Responses on Instillation of Engineered, Environmental Diesel Emission Source or Ambient Air Pollutant Particles in vivo

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