Role of food-drug interactions in neurological and psychological diseases

Abstract

Given that foods and nutrients have been shown to influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs, drugs may cause changes in the nutritional status of patients and their response to a given drug. Food-drug interactions are particularly relevant for drugs used to treat neurological and psychological diseases. This review provides an overview of food-drug interaction in the treatment of neurological and psychological diseases. A literature search was carried out by collecting data from different reviews, reports, and original articles on general or specific drug interactions with food, in patients with a variety of neurological and psychological diseases. Based on our review, we found that food-drug interactions may alter the expected impact of drug, or cause the development of a drug toxicity. Nutritional status of the patients may also be affected, particularly a change in body weight caused by a change appetite. Metabolism, absorption, and excretion of foods may also be altered, and nutritional insufficiencies may occur. Recent studies show that diet can have a strong influence on gut microbiota and thus, alter drug pharmacokinetics.Therefore, microbiota alterations should also be considered while assessing food-drug interactions. Knowledge of food-drug interactions is critical for improving health of patients with neurological and psychological diseases, and also for improving effectiveness of treatments.

Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions among Antiepileptic Drugs, Including CBD, Drugs Used to Treat COVID-19 and Nutrients

“…Blood monitoring of FBM concentrations is recommended because of a variable metabolism and clearance dependent on age [82][83][84]. Noteworthy is also the effect of FBM on body weight loss in patients treated with this drug [10].…”

“…AEDs also show interactions with food, nutrients and other vitamins. Barbiturates, including PHB, may increase the metabolism of vitamin D in the liver and, finally, may cause its deficiency [10]. After the ketogenic diet the serum concentrations of PHB slightly increased [94].…”

“…Moreover, excess supplementation of folic acid decreases the level of PHT and therapeutic effectiveness of the drug. PHT may also cause deficiency of vitamin K. Body weight is not affected by PHT treatment [10].…”

“…It should be borne in mind that foods and nutrients may influence the pharmacokinetics of AEDs. On the other hand, AEDs may cause changes in the nutritional status of patients, leading to deficiency of vitamins and mineral components and, consequently, changing response to a given drug [10].…”

A Neglected Link Between the Psychoactive Effects of Dietary Ingredients and Consciousness-Altering Drugs

“…Herbal supplements, medicinal plants, and foods have been reasonably well studied in terms of their effects on cognition and mood and their interactions with therapeutic drugs [e.g., Refs. (37, 38)]. Yet, to my knowledge, the peer reviewed literature contains few, if any, studies of how dietary ingredients may affect the peak, duration, or quality of the experience produced by cannabis and psychedelic drugs.…”