Role of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases

Xiao, Yun; Wang, Shu-Kun; Zhang, Yuan; Rostami, Abdolmohamad; Kenkare, Anshel; Casella, Giacomo; Yuan, Zengqiang; Li, Xing

doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102022

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…Exosomes are widely used as a drug vector and have been applied to treat various diseases. 9,12 In this study, we showed that in MS patients and cuprizone-induced demyelinating animal models, OPCs exhibit more cell proliferation, and that the expression level of PDGFR α increases in the lesion. We believe that this could be an ideal target for vector delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Encapsulation of bryostatin-1 by targeted exosomes enhances remyelination and neuroprotection effects in the cuprizone-induced demyelinating animal model of multiple sclerosis

Liao

Xiao

et al. 2022

Biomater. Sci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Exosomes (Exos) are considered the minor EV type with a size between 50 and 150 nm. 3,9,10 Exos are thought to serve as “trash bags” in the cell and their primary function is discarding waste from cells. 11 In recent years, following in-depth study of Exos, they have been used as a drug delivery vehicle in the field of therapeutics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of bryostatin-1 by targeted exosomes enhances remyelination and neuroprotection effects in the cuprizone-induced demyelinating animal model of multiple sclerosis

Liao

Xiao

et al. 2022

Biomater. Sci.

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“…Interestingly, MSCs have exhibited neuroprotective effects at a distance, without the need of their direct transplantation into the CNS, as a result of their capacity to secrete paracrine neurotrophic factors via extracellular vesicles (EVs) (Li et al, 2019;Mansoor et al, 2019). As membranous vectors of intercellular communication secreted by cells into the extracellular space, EVs are capable of influencing physiological and pathophysiological functions by trafficking bioactive cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to recipient cells (van Niel et al, 2018;Xiao et al, 2021). EVs originating from various cell types are understood to influence the pathogenesis of MS and EAE (Dolcetti et al, 2020), highlighting their utility as biomarkers of disease.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action For Non-hematopoietic Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Smith¹,

Nicaise

Ionescu

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration. MS patients typically present with a relapsing-remitting (RR) disease course, manifesting as sporadic attacks of neurological symptoms including ataxia, fatigue, and sensory impairment. While there are several effective disease-modifying therapies able to address the inflammatory relapses associated with RRMS, most patients will inevitably advance to a progressive disease course marked by a gradual and irreversible accrual of disabilities. Therapeutic intervention in progressive MS (PMS) suffers from a lack of well-characterized biological targets and, hence, a dearth of successful drugs. The few medications approved for the treatment of PMS are typically limited in their efficacy to active forms of the disease, have little impact on slowing degeneration, and fail to promote repair. In looking to address these unmet needs, the multifactorial therapeutic benefits of stem cell therapies are particularly compelling. Ostensibly providing neurotrophic support, immunomodulation and cell replacement, stem cell transplantation holds substantial promise in combatting the complex pathology of chronic neuroinflammation. Herein, we explore the current state of preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of stem cells in treating PMS and we discuss prospective hurdles impeding their translation into revolutionary regenerative medicines.

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“…Besides myelin-neuron interactions, communication between microglia and astrocytes with neurons modulates neuronal cell death, neurogenesis and synaptic interactions during normal brain development, as well as neuroimmune-responses in various brain diseases [191][192][193]. In particular, secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players in neuron-glia intercellular signaling and have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders [193][194][195]. Distinct profiles of EV miRNAs, derived from neurons and glia, are found in various CNS diseases, often before the onset of irreversible neurological damage.…”

Section: Mirnas In Glial Cells and Glia-neuron Communication Implicated In Brain Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted Regulation of MicroRNA Biogenesis: Essential Roles and Functional Integration in Neuronal and Glial Development

Suster

Feng

2021

IJMS

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that function as endogenous gene silencers. Soon after the discovery of miRNAs, a subset of brain-enriched and brain-specific miRNAs were identified and significant advancements were made in delineating miRNA function in brain development. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate miRNA biogenesis in normal and diseased brains has become a prevailing challenge. Besides transcriptional regulation of miRNA host genes, miRNA processing intermediates are subjected to multifaceted regulation by canonical miRNA processing enzymes, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and epitranscriptomic modifications. Further still, miRNA activity can be regulated by the sponging activity of other non-coding RNA classes, namely circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Differential abundance of these factors in neuronal and glial lineages partly underlies the spatiotemporal expression and function of lineage-specific miRNAs. Here, we review the continuously evolving understanding of the regulation of neuronal and glial miRNA biogenesis at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels and the cooperativity of miRNA species in targeting key mRNAs to drive lineage-specific development. In addition, we review dysregulation of neuronal and glial miRNAs and the detrimental impacts which contribute to developmental brain disorders.

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Role of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases

Cited by 47 publications

References 233 publications

Encapsulation of bryostatin-1 by targeted exosomes enhances remyelination and neuroprotection effects in the cuprizone-induced demyelinating animal model of multiple sclerosis

Encapsulation of bryostatin-1 by targeted exosomes enhances remyelination and neuroprotection effects in the cuprizone-induced demyelinating animal model of multiple sclerosis

Stem Cell Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Multifaceted Regulation of MicroRNA Biogenesis: Essential Roles and Functional Integration in Neuronal and Glial Development

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