Role of external radiation therapy in urinary cancers

Abstract

Invasive urinary tumors are relatively rare and their treatment may cause important changes in urinary, sexual, and social functions. A systematic review of external radiation therapy studies in urinary cancers has been carried out. This synthesis of the literature is based on data from meta-analysis, randomized and prospective trials, and retrospective studies. There are few controlled clinical trials using adjuvant or radical radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy in kidney, ureter, and urethra cancers; there are several reports of muscle-invasive bladder cancer using multimodality treatment: intravesical surgery and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy to radiotherapy or concomitant radiochemotherapy with organ preservation. The conclusions reached for renal cancer are controversial; urethra and ureter cancers data are few and inconclusive; sufficient data now exist in literature to demonstrate that conservative management with organ preservation, for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, is a valid alternative to radical cystectomy, viewed as the gold standard.

Long non-coding RNA CASC9 promotes tumor growth and metastasis via modulating FZD6/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in bladder cancer

“…Bladder cancer is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary adult genitourinary tumor [26,27]. Despite improvements in current clinical treatment such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, the overall survival (OS) time of BC patients has not been significantly improved [28][29][30][31][32]. So novel markers for diagnosis at early stage and more efficient and safer therapeutic method are urgently needed.…”

Extracapsular extension but not the tumour burden of lymph node metastases is an independent adverse risk factor in lymph node‐positive bladder cancer

“…Isolated local recurrences were observed in only 15% of our patients, but never in those with organ‐confined primary tumours. These patients might benefit from the recently proposed adjuvant pelvic therapy in lymph node‐positive bladder cancer 31 …”

“…These patients might benefit from the recently proposed adjuvant pelvic therapy in lymph node-positive bladder cancer. 31 However, as this subset of patients could not be characterized by histopathological tumour features, overtreatment of 85% of the patients, with often serious side effects, questions this approach.…”

Hypomethylation of PlncRNA-1 promoter enhances bladder cancer progression through the miR-136-5p/Smad3 axis

“…The incidences and recurrence risks of the tumor are steadily increasing. Despite advances in the current clinical treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the overall survival time of bladder cancer has generally remained the same [34][35][36][37][38] . This underlines the urgent need for new early diagnostic markers, as well as more effective and safer therapeutic options for BC.…”