Role of Exosomes for Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Drugs

Enhanced Delivery of Rose Bengal by Amino Acids Starvation and Exosomes Inhibition in Human Astrocytoma Cells to Potentiate Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy Effects

“…In cancer contexts, exosomes can influence the tumor spread through the intercellular transfer of oncogenic molecules [ 47 , 48 ] and/or conferring the resistance of malignant cells toward anticancer drugs through the packaging and the next extracellular release of the therapeutic cargoes [ 49 ]. Therefore, different strategies based on pharmacological blockage or inhibition of the exosomes machinery, in synthesis and release, have been proposed as cancer therapeutic advanced strategies [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. To date, several pharmacological inhibitors of exosomes release, as neticonazole, ketotifen, cannabidiol and GW4869, have been successfully tested in different cells [ 53 ].…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Therapeutic Use in Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders

“…Both EXOs and SUV-type liposomes are composed of one lipid bilayer, with mean diameters ranging from 50 nm to 120 nm, and can be loaded with lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Nevertheless, they present differences, amongst which the most important is the complex surface composition of EXOs—and more specifically the array of tetraspanins and integrins, conferring organotropism to EXOs [ 194 ]—whereas SUV-type liposomes do not usually have proteins in or on their lipid bilayer. Moreover, EXOs contain complex intraluminal contents (thousands of proteins and several types of RNA) that may render their drug loading and/or retention difficult and insufficient, while SUV-type liposomes can accommodate high payloads of drugs [ 195 , 196 ].…”

Bioengineering of Extracellular Vesicles: Exosome-Based Next-Generation Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer

“…Designing biomimetic nano-formulations without disturbing the structural and functional integrity of the therapeutic molecule has become a primary challenge in high throughput cancer chemotherapy (Table 4). Exosomes are a nano-sized extracellular messenger vesicle suitable for tissue-specific therapeutic drug delivery [124]. Due to their biological uniqueness, exosomes have superior organ enrichment, an in-built homing capacity, cancer cell-specific uptake, and a sustained release ability compared with readily available synthetic nano-drug carriers such as liposomes, micelles, and nanogels.…”

“…The higher secretory ability of the TEX in comparison with their normal counterparts makes them suitable for non-toxic and non-immunogenic drug delivery vehicles for different types of cancer models. Moreover, exosomes possess the unique property of equal affinity for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agents, and they are capable of bypassing immune surveillance and crossing the BBB [124]. Abbreviations: CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CTNF-α, cell-penetrating peptides TNF-α; DAF, decay-accelerating factor, ECD, extracellular domain; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; HA, hyaluronic acid; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; Pgp, permeability glycoprotein; SIRPα, signal regulatory protein α; SPION, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.…”