Role of exosomes and its emerging therapeutic applications in the pathophysiology of non-infectious diseases

Shivji, Gauresh Gurudas; Dhar, Rajib; Devi, Arikketh

doi:10.1080/1354750x.2022.2067233

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…However, the mystery was solved in a study that found the rapid clearance of exosomes from the bloodstream is due to uptake by macrophages. Experimental results clearly showed that exosomes derived from B16–B16 cells are quickly cleared after intravenous injection because liver and spleen macrophages have captured them . This problem can be solved to some extent by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the structures of exosomes.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental results clearly showed that exosomes derived from B16–B16 cells are quickly cleared after intravenous injection because liver and spleen macrophages have captured them. 149 This problem can be solved to some extent by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the structures of exosomes. It has been experimentally confirmed that exosomes with PEG can be detected even after 60 min postinjection, while exosomes without PEG can only be detected for 10 min.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exosome-Based Smart Drug Delivery Tool for Cancer Theranostics

Kar

Dhar

Mukherjee

et al. 2023

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Exosomes are the phospholipid-membrane-bound subpopulation of extracellular vesicles derived from the plasma membrane. The main activity of exosomes is cellular communication. In cancer, exosomes play an important rolefrom two distinct perspectives, one related to carcinogenesis and the other as theragnostic and drug delivery tools. The outer phospholipid membrane of Exosome improves drug targeting efficiency. . Some of the vital features of exosomes such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity make it a more exciting drug delivery system. Exosome-based drug delivery is a new innovative approach to cancer treatment. Exosome-associated biomarker analysis heralded a new era of cancer diagnostics in a more specific way. This Review focuses on exosome biogenesis, sources, isolation, interrelationship with cancer and exosome-related cancer biomarkers, drug loading methods, exosome-based biomolecule delivery, advances and limitations of exosome-based drug delivery, and exosome-based drug delivery in clinical settings studies. The exosome-based understanding of cancer will change the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in the future.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-Based Smart Drug Delivery Tool for Cancer Theranostics

Kar

Dhar

Mukherjee

et al. 2023

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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“…The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) regulates this event . ESCRT regulates ESCRT complexes (it have ESCRT-0 to -III subunit) depending exosome biogenesis pathway. − This regulatory process of the molecules plays a dynamic role in the formation of exosomes. ESCRT-0 is involved in binding to ubiquitinated cargo molecules and the activation of ESCRT-I and -II, ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II are related in cargo selection and packing, and how ESCRT-III is associated with budding. , Recently, scientific evidence has suggested that exosomes can also be formed in an ESCRT-independent manner.…”

Section: Biogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Impact of Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis

Ghosh¹,

Dhar

Shivji

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Cancer is a complex deadly disease that has caused a global health crisis in recent epochs. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant gastrointestinal disease. It has led to high mortality due to early diagnostic failure. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) come with promising solutions for CRC. Exosomes (a subpopulation of EVs) play a vital role as signaling molecules in CRC tumor microenvironment. It is secreted from all active cells. Exosome-based molecular transport (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.) transforms the recipient cell’s nature. In CRC, tumor cell-derived exosomes (TEXs) regulate multiple events of CRC development and progression such as immunogenic suppression, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMT), physical changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), and metastasis. Biofluid-circulated tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) are a potential tool for CRC liquid biopsy. Exosome-based colorectal cancer detection creates a great impact in CRC biomarker research. The exosome-associated CRC theranostics approach is a state-of-the-art method. In this review, we address the CRC and exosomes complex associated with cancer development and progression, the impact of exosomes on CRC screening (diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers), and also highlight several exosomes with CRC clinical trials, as well as future directions of exosome-based CRC research. Hopefully, it will encourage several researchers to develop a potential exosome-based theranostic tool to fight CRC.

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“…There are two distinct mechanisms by which exosomes are produced: ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport)-dependent and ESCRT-independent . ILVs are produced by ESCRT using a sophisticated networking cascade − involving four types of complexes such as ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, and ESCRT-III. − In the initial stages of the pathway, ESCRT-0 binds to Zinc Finger Domains (ZFDs) and Ubiquitin-Interacting Motifs (UIMs), present in the plasma membrane through its dimeric subunits like hepatocyte growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS) and signal-transducing adaptor molecule 1/2 (STAM-1/2) . This subsequently activates ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II, which facilitate cytoplasmic budding from the plasma membrane being guided by ESCRT-0, followed by mediation of cargo selection by ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III …”

Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Theragnostic Signature of Extracellular Vesicles in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Dey,

Ghosh,

Bhuniya

et al. 2023

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disability and fatality worldwide. Depending on the clinical presentation, it is a type of acquired brain damage that can be mild, moderate, or severe. The degree of patient's discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic approach, survival rates, and recurrence can all be strongly impacted by an accurate diagnosis made early on. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), along with neuroimaging (MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT scan), is a neurological assessment tools used to evaluate and categorize the severity of TBI based on the patient's level of consciousness, eye opening, and motor response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a growing domain, explaining neurological complications in a more detailed manner. EVs, in general, play a role in cellular communication. Its molecular signature such as DNA, RNA, protein, etc. contributes to the status (health or pathological stage) of the parental cell. Brain-derived EVs support more specific screening (diagnostic and prognostic) in TBI research. Therapeutic impact of EVs are more promising for aiding in TBI healing. It is nontoxic, biocompatible, and capable of crossing the blood−brain barrier (BBB) to transport therapeutic molecules. This review has highlighted the relationships between EVs and TBI theranostics, EVs and TBI-related clinical trials, and related research domain-associated challenges and solutions. This review motivates further exploration of associations between EVs and TBI and develops a better approach to TBI management.

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Role of exosomes and its emerging therapeutic applications in the pathophysiology of non-infectious diseases

Cited by 14 publications

References 183 publications

Exosome-Based Smart Drug Delivery Tool for Cancer Theranostics

Exosome-Based Smart Drug Delivery Tool for Cancer Theranostics

Clinical Impact of Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis

Clinical Theragnostic Signature of Extracellular Vesicles in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

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