Role of exosomal miRNA in chemotherapy resistance of Colorectal cancer: A systematic review

Abstract

The third most common malignancy has been identified as Colorectal cancer (CRC) that conducive to death in most cases. Chemoresistance is a common obstacle to CRC treatment. Circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to reverse chemo‐resistance and are promising biomarkers for CRC. The capacity of engineered exosomes to cross biological barriers and deliver functional miRNAs could be used to achieve these proposes. The object of this review is the investigation of the role of exosomal miRNA in the chemo‐resistance, diagnosis, and prognosis of CRC. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus were searched from January 1990 to November 2020. Ultimately, eight articles included five in vitro (16 cell lines) and three in vivo examinations. Three studies demonstrated that increasing or decreasing mRNA expression was associated with increasing and decreasing cell proliferation in vitro. The presence of miRNA in two studies increased the sensitivity of the drug and exhibited a considerable growth inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation. The apoptotic rate was significantly increased in four studies by increased mRNA expression and reduced mrna expression. Tumor volume of xenograft models in three studies suppressed by antitumor miRNA activity. In contrast, anti‐miRNA activity in one study decreased the tumor volume. Exosomal miRNAs can be regulators of chemo‐resistance and predict adverse outcomes in CRC patients. In sum, exosomes containing miRNAs can be a promising biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC. Subsequent research should be a focus on delineating the function of exosomal miRNA before clinical use.

Exosomal microRNAs in regulation of tumor cells resistance to apoptosis

“…The interaction between tumor cells through exomiRs leads to changes in cellular biological events. This influences the surrounding extracellular tumor matrix environment and ultimately contributes to drug resistance [ 55 ].…”

Non-Coding RNAs Regulate the Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapy in Colorectal Cancer

“…MiRNAs act either as oncogenic miRNAs (onco-miRs) or tumor suppressive miRNAs (TS-miRs) with significant tissue- and organ-specificity ( 29 , 30 ). Many studies have also found that miRNAs participate in regulating the drug resistance in CRC ( 31 , 32 ). It has been demonstrated miR-31 negatively regulates breast cancer invasion and metastasis ( 33 ).…”

Downstream Target Analysis for miR-365 among Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas Reveals Differential Associations with Chemoresistance

“…Life 2024, 14, 741 2 of 15 Many studies now demonstrate that radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance in oral cancers may be mediated, in part, by the expression of microRNAs within these tumors [13][14][15]. These observations are part of a growing body of evidence from other types of cancer, such as breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers, that demonstrate the key role of microRNAs in mediating cancer development, progression, and response to treatment [16][17][18].…”