Role of exercise on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function: is exercise sufficient for the prevention of youth-onset type 2 diabetes?

Kim, Joon Young; Jeon, Justin Y.

doi:10.6065/apem.2040140.070

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Several studies have reported positive effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and their combination on insulin sensitivity [22][23][24][25], but the results with respect to insulin secretion have not been consistent across the studies. In the Diabetes Prevention Program, both decreased insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were independently associated with the conversion to type 2 diabetes [26], but in other studies, the role of insulin secretion has remained unclear [27]. The validity of the measurement of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion is crucial for obtaining reliable results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Signature of Physical Activity and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in 7271 Men

et al. 2022

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Large population-based studies investigating the association of physical activity (PA) with the metabolite signature contribute significantly to the understanding of the effects of PA on metabolic pathways associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Our study included 8749 Finnish men without diabetes at baseline recruited from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) cohort. We used a questionnaire to measure leisure-time PA. Metabolites were measured in 7271 men as a part of Metabolon’s untargeted Discovery HD4 platform using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We found 198 metabolites significantly associated with PA. Several of these metabolites were novel including especially steroids, amino acids, imidazoles, carboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids. Increased PA was significantly associated with high levels of choline plasmalogens, lysophosphatidylcholines, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, long chain acylcarnitines, imidazoles, bilirubins, aryl sulfates, hydroxy acids, indolepropionate, and indolelactate. Several of these metabolites have been previously associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes and with a healthy diet. Our population-based study shows that the metabolite signature of increased PA includes multiple metabolic pathways and is associated with better adherence to a healthy lifestyle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Signature of Physical Activity and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in 7271 Men

et al. 2022

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“…Our study exhibited differential effects on insulin sensitivity only among one of the respective phenotype comparisons with no differences in insulin secretion (data not shown) or β‐cell function following lifestyle intervention. Studies that assess β‐cell function relative to insulin sensitivity in response to lifestyle intervention in youth are scarce 32 . Therefore, it is difficult to speculate whether improvements in β‐cell function after lifestyle intervention are predominantly due to changes in insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity among high‐risk youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in OGTT‐derived biomarkers in response to lifestyle intervention among Latino adolescents with obesity

et al. 2021

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Summary Background Glucose concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) have been used as biomarkers to differentiate type 2 diabetes risk phenotypes. No studies have examined changes in OGTT‐glucose phenotypes following lifestyle intervention among high‐risk youth. Objective To examine changes in OGTT‐glucose phenotypes following lifestyle intervention and to explore differences in insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function among post‐intervention phenotypes. Methods Latino adolescents with obesity (n = 48, age 15.4 ± 1.0, BMI% 98.2 ± 1.4, female 56.3%) completed a 12‐week lifestyle intervention that included weekly nutrition education and physical activity. At baseline and 12 weeks, youth completed a 2‐h OGTT with glucose and insulin concentrations assessed at 0′, 30′, 60′, 90′ and 120′. Glucose concentrations during the OGTT were used to identify biomarkers, 1‐h glucose, glucose response curve and time to glucose peak. Using these respective biomarkers, high‐risk (1‐h glucose ≥ 155 mg/dl, Monophasic, Late Peak) and lower‐risk phenotypes (1‐h glucose < 155 mg/dl, Biphasic, Early Peak) were categorized. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by whole‐body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) and β‐cell function by oral disposition index (oDI). Results Following intervention, the prevalence of Monophasic phenotypes decreased from 81% to 67% (p = 0.048) and 1‐h glucose ≥ 155 mg/dl from 38% to 10% (p = 0.054). Although Late Peak phenotypes did not significantly change (from 58% to 29%, p = 0.200), Early Peak phenotypes at post‐intervention demonstrated significantly higher WBISI compared to Late Peak (2.3 ± 0.1 vs 1.7 ± 0.2, p = 0.023). Conclusions OGTT‐glucose phenotypes improve following lifestyle intervention among high‐risk youth. These findings further support their potential utility as clinical biomarkers to identify diabetes risk and risk reduction in youth.

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“…The recommended distribution of macronutrients is carbohydrates 45%-50% of energy, fat<35% of energy (saturated fat<10%), and protein 15%-20% of energy [30]. Additionally, aerobic and/or resistance exercises are considered to have a positive effect on insulin sensitivity [31]. Youth with T2DM should be encouraged to engage in at least 1 hr of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily and to reduce sedentary time [13,19].…”

Section: Current Management Of Youth-onset T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Youth

Kim¹,

Kim²

2022

Ewha Med J

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The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in youth, largely in correlation with an increase in childhood overweight and obesity. Youth-onset T2DM is a major public health concern worldwide, and tends to show more aggressive features than adult-onset T2DM. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent the occurrence of complications and comorbidities. However, current treatment options are limited and only modestly successful in youth-onset T2DM. Over the last few decades, significant progress has been made in the understanding of youth-onset T2DM. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of T2DM in youth. (Ewha Med J 2022;45(3):e3)

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Role of exercise on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function: is exercise sufficient for the prevention of youth-onset type 2 diabetes?

Cited by 16 publications

References 84 publications

Metabolite Signature of Physical Activity and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in 7271 Men

Metabolite Signature of Physical Activity and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in 7271 Men

Changes in OGTT‐derived biomarkers in response to lifestyle intervention among Latino adolescents with obesity

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Youth

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