Role of Erythropoietin and Other Growth Factors inEx VivoErythropoiesis

Abstract

Erythropoiesis is a vital process governed through various factors. There is extreme unavailability of suitable donor due to rare phenotypic blood groups and other related complications like hemoglobinopathies, polytransfusion patients, and polyimmunization. Looking at the worldwide scarcity of blood, especially in low income countries and the battlefield, mimicking erythropoiesis usingex vivomethods can provide an efficient answer to various problems associated with present donor derived blood supply system. Fortunately, there are manyex vivoerythropoiesis methodologies being developed by various research groups using stem cells as the major source material for large scale blood production. Most of theseex vivoprotocols use a cocktail of similar growth factors under overlapping growth conditions. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a key regulator in mostex vivoprotocols along with other growth factors such as SCF, IL-3, IGF-1, and Flt-3. Now transfusable units of blood can be produced by using these protocols with their set of own limitations. The present paper focuses on the molecular mechanism and significance of various growth factors in these protocols that shall remain helpful for large scale production.

Cholinergic and cytoprotective signaling cascades mediate the mitigative effect of erythropoietin on acute radiation syndrome

“…The current investigation highlights, for the first time, the radiomitigative action of EPO against ARS using TBI rodent model. EPO is a well known glycoprotein cytokine and hematopoietic growth factor, which plays a pivotal role during later stages of erythroid maturation as well as proliferation, differentiation and survival of primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (Singh et al 2014).…”

“…This could be interpreted in the view that EPO enhance survival of erythroid progenitors cells through reducing their apoptosis via interaction with its receptor (EPO-R) expressed on them (Chateauvieux et al 2011). EPO acts primarily on colony forming unit erythroid (CFU-E) inducing the proliferation and maturation through the stages of proerythroblast followed by reticulocytes and finally mature erythrocytes (Hillman and Henderson 1969;Singh et al 2014).…”

PI3k/AKT signaling pathway: Erythropoiesis and beyond

“…The PI3K signaling pathway starts with the interaction between EPO and EPOR where EPO acts as a survival factor for the proliferation of CFU progenitors, and their differentiation into mature RBCs (Kim et al, 2014;Singh, Saini, & Chandra, 2014;Tong, Zhang, & Lodish, 2005;Trincavelli et al, 2013).…”

Blood Pharming – eine realistische Option?

“…Zudem sind eine Reihe spezieller Zytokine an der Reifung erythroider Zellen beteiligt. Viele hämatopoetische Wachstumsfaktoren, einschließlich FLT3-Ligand (FLT3-L), Interleukin-3 (IL-3), Stammzellfaktor (SCF) und Thrombopoietin (TPO), üben positive Wachstumseffekte auf Stammzellen und sehr undifferenzierte Vorläuferzellen aus [29]. Darüber hinaus können einige dieser Faktoren, wie z.…”