Role of Epigenetics in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

Capparelli, Rosanna; Iannelli, Domenico

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9080977

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(106 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite great interest in a complex relationship between adipokines–obesity–diabetics, many aspects are still unclear. Today, many theories and techniques have evolved to understand and prevent, to highlight the already appeared related complication of type 2 diabetes and obesity [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], to create estimative risk models [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on the Relationship between Leptin, Ghrelin, and Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio Enforced by Body Mass Index in Obesity and Diabetes

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Currently, adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ, however, there are still many questions regarding the roles of adipokines—leptin and ghrelin being two adipokines. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between the adipokines and their ratio with obesity and diabetes. Methods: Sixty patients (mean age 61.88 ± 10.08) were evaluated. Cardiovascular risk factors, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin resistance score values were assessed. The patients were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) as normal weight, overweight, and obese. Results: 20% normal weight, 51.7% overweight, 28.3% obese, and 23.3% diabetic. Obese patients had higher leptin values (in obese 34,360 pg/mL vs. overweight 18,000 pg/mL vs. normal weight 14,350 pg/mL, p = 0.0049) and leptin/ghrelin ratio (1055 ± 641 vs. 771.36 ± 921 vs. 370.7 ± 257, p = 0.0228). Stratifying the analyses according to the presence of obesity and patients’ gender, differences were found for leptin (p = 0.0020 in women, p = 0.0055 in men) and leptin/ghrelin ratio (p = 0.048 in women, p = 0.004 in men). Mean leptin/BMI and leptin/ghrelin/BMI ratios were significantly higher, and the ghrelin/BMI ratio was significantly lower in obese and diabetic patients. In conclusion, obesity and diabetes are associated with changes not only in the total amount but also in the level of adipokines/kg/m2. Changes appear even in overweight subjects, offering a basis for early intervention in diabetic and obese patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on the Relationship between Leptin, Ghrelin, and Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio Enforced by Body Mass Index in Obesity and Diabetes

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A natural progression for epidemiological studies for diabetic dyslipidemia lies in epigenetics. One example is a study which combined genetic and epigenetic analysis to understand the mechanism associating hepatic insulin resistance and non-alcoholic disease in (T2D) patients [39]. Epigenetics studies have shown that environmental factors also have a crucial role in the development of T2D [40], which suggests that epidemiological studies may not necessarily generalize over geographic regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in a Rural Community in Ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study

Diawara¹,

Coulibaly²,

Koné³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dyslipidemia is a disorder where abnormally lipid concentrations circulate in the bloodstream. The disorder is common in type 2 diabetics (T2D) and is linked with T2D comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia in T2D is typically characterized by elevated plasma triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. There is a significant gap in the literature regarding dyslipidemia in rural parts of Africa, where lipid profiles may not be routinely captured through standard surveillance activities. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and demographic profile of dyslipidemia in T2D patients in the rural community of Ganadougou, Mali. We performed a cross-sectional study of 104 subjects with T2D in Ganadougou between November 2021 and March 2022. Demographic and lipid profiles were collected through cross-sectional surveys and blood tests. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in T2D patients was 87.5% (91/104), which did not differ by sex (p = .368). High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was the most common lipid abnormality (78.9%, [82/104]). Dyslipidemia was associated with age and hypertension status (p = .013 and p = .036, respectively). High total and high LDL-C parameters were significantly associated with hypertension (p = .029 and p = .006, respectively). In low-resource settings such as rural Mali, there is a critical need to improve infrastructure for routine dyslipidemia screening to guide its prevention and intervention approaches. The high rates of dyslipidemia observed in Gandadougou, consistent with concomitant increases in cardiovascular diseases in Africa suggest that lipid profile assessments should be incorporated into routine medical care for T2D patients in African rural settings.

show abstract

“…The most studied epigenetic processes controlling gene expression through changes of chromatin architecture and binding of transcription factors are the methylation of cytosines within CpG dinucleotides, post-translational modifications of histones (i.e., acetylation/deacetylation or methylation/demethylation of lysine residues) catalyzed by histone-modifying enzymes [ 1 ], and microRNAs regulating multiple mRNAs [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Environmental factors, including EDCs, may be involved in obesity development by altering the epigenetic mechanisms [ 26 , 27 , 28 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Epigenetics and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Obesity

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased over the last decades. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the possible association between the pandemics of obesity and some endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), termed “obesogens”. These are a heterogeneous group of exogenous compounds that can interfere in the endocrine regulation of energy metabolism and adipose tissue structure. Oral intake, inhalation, and dermal absorption represent the major sources of human exposure to these EDCs. Recently, epigenetic changes such as the methylation of cytosine residues on DNA, post-translational modification of histones, and microRNA expression have been considered to act as an intermediary between deleterious effects of EDCs and obesity development in susceptible individuals. Specifically, EDCs exposure during early-life development can detrimentally affect individuals via inducing epigenetic modifications that can permanently change the epigenome in the germline, enabling changes to be transmitted to the next generations and predisposing them to a multitude of diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyze the epigenetic alterations putatively induced by chemical exposures and their ability to interfere with the control of energy metabolism and adipose tissue regulation, resulting in imbalances in the control of body weight, which can lead to obesity.

show abstract

Role of Epigenetics in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

Cited by 9 publications

References 84 publications

New Insights on the Relationship between Leptin, Ghrelin, and Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio Enforced by Body Mass Index in Obesity and Diabetes

New Insights on the Relationship between Leptin, Ghrelin, and Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio Enforced by Body Mass Index in Obesity and Diabetes

Dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in a Rural Community in Ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study

Epigenetic Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Obesity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About