Role of epidermal <i>γδ</i> T‐cell‐derived interleukin 13 in the skin‐whitening effect of Ginsenoside F1

Han, Jiyeon; Lee, Eunkyung; Kim, Eun-Joo; Yeom, Myung Hun; Kwon, Oh Sang; Yoon, Tae Hong; Lee, Tae Ryong; Kim, Kwangmi

doi:10.1111/exd.12531

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Given that ILC2s and NKT cells as well as Th2 cells produce type 2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, well-known factors of eosinophil and M2 macrophage activation and promotors of WAT browning (Brestoff et al 2014; Han, et al 2014; Lee et al 2015; Lynch et al 2012; Lynch et al 2009), we further investigated whether the macrophage subset differs between brown, epididymal and inguinal fat. The cells in gate R2 (granulocytes) were defined and used for flow cytometry analysis of macrophage and eosinophil subsets (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

Ding

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

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Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in white adipose tissue (WAT) promotes WAT browning and assists in preventing the development of obesity. However, how ILC2 in adipose tissue is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, our present study shows that ILC2s are present in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as subcutaneous and epididymal WAT (sWAT and eWAT). The fractions of ILC2s, Natural Killer T (NKT) cells and eosinophils in sWAT, eWAT and BAT are significantly decreased by high fat diet (HFD) feeding and leptin deficiency-induced obesity. Consistent with this, the adipose expression and circulating levels of IL-33, a key inducing cytokine of ILC2 are significantly downregulated by obesity. Furthermore, administration of IL-33 markedly increases the fraction of ILC2 and eosinophil as well as expression of UCP1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. On the other hand, cold exposure induces the expression levels of IL-33 and UCP1 and the population of ILC2 and eosinophil in sWAT, and these promoting effects of cold stress are reversed by neutralization of IL-33 signaling in vivo. Moreover, the basal and cold-induced IL-33 and ILC2/eosinophil pathways are significantly suppressed by sympathetic denervation via local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in sWAT. Taken together, our data suggests that the ILC2/eosinophil axis in adipose tissue is regulated by sympathetic nervous system and obesity in IL-33-dependent manner, and IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis are implicated in the development of obesity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

Ding

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Multiple studies suggested that γδ T cells could induce the secretion of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 [39,40,41]. In a model of pulmonary allergic inflammation, mice that lacked γδ T cells had decreases in IL-5 release as well as in eosinophil and T cell infiltration in contrast to wild-type mice [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Analysis of γδ T Cell Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Association with Recurrence of Nasal Polyps

Lee

Chang²,

Huang³

et al. 2017

ORL

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Background/Aims: To examine whether γδ T cell is expressed in the nasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and its potential association with recurrence of nasal polyps. Methods: Thirty-six patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and 25 patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) were recruited. Twenty-six patients with other nasal diseases served as controls. The CRSwNP group was divided into the eosinophilic CRSwNP and noneosinophilic CRSwNP groups. The expression of γδ T cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of each subtype of γδ T cells was detected by using qRT-PCR. All patients underwent nasal endoscopy, and postoperative follow-up lasted over 12 months. CRS patients were evaluated by preoperative VAS scores of symptoms and nasal endoscopy Lund-Kennedy scores. Results: The expression of γδ T cells in the CRSwNP groups was stronger than in the CRSsNP and the control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). The expression of Vγ1⁺γδ T cells in the eosinophilic CRSwNP group was higher than that in the CRSsNP group and the control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). The expression of γδ T cells was associated with high rate of recurrence, tissue eosinophil infiltration, worse symptom score of nasal obstruction, and higher Lund-Kennedy score (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Increased expression of γδ T cells in CRSwNP may be associated with recurrence of nasal polyps.

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“…However, ginsenoside F1 did not directly inhibit mRNA expression of tyrosinase or DCT in normal human epidermal melanocytes. Instead, ginsenoside F1 enhanced production of IL-13 from human epidermal γδ T cells, and IL-13 significantly reduced the mRNA expression and protein amount of both tyrosinase and DCT resulting in visible brightening of normal human epidermal melanocyte pellets [75] . These results suggest that ginsenosides might be able to regulate melanogenesis via their effect on skin immune cells.…”

Section: Effects Of Ginseng and Its Components On Factors Related To mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Because the immunostimulatory activities of many ginsenosides are known, it is not surprising that ginsenosides could enhance the reactivity of skin immune cells. In a recent paper, a cream containing 0.1% ginsenoside F1 (a metabolite of ginsenoside Rg1) showed a significant whitening effect on artificially tanned human skin [75] . However, ginsenoside F1 did not directly inhibit mRNA expression of tyrosinase or DCT in normal human epidermal melanocytes.…”

Section: Effects Of Ginseng and Its Components On Factors Related To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ginseng and ginsenosides on melanogenesis and their mechanism of action

Kim

2015

Journal of Ginseng Research

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Abnormal changes in skin color induce significant cosmetic problems and affect quality of life. There are two groups of abnormal change in skin color; hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Hyperpigmentation, darkening skin color by excessive pigmentation, is a major concern for Asian people with yellow–brown skin. A variety of hypopigmenting agents have been used, but treating the hyperpigmented condition is still challenging and the results are often discouraging. Panax ginseng has been used traditionally in eastern Asia to treat various diseases, due to its immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antioxidative, and antitumor activities. Recently, several reports have shown that extract, powder, or some constituents of ginseng could inhibit melanogenesis in vivo or in vitro. The underlying mechanisms of antimelanogenic properties in ginseng or its components include the direct inhibition of key enzymes of melanogenesis, inhibition of transcription factors or signaling pathways involved in melanogenesis, decreasing production of inducers of melanogenesis, and enhancing production of antimelanogenic factor. Although there still remain some controversial issues surrounding the antimelanogenic activity of ginseng, especially in its effect on production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, these recent findings suggest that ginseng and its constituents might be potential candidates for novel skin whitening agents.

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Role of epidermal γδ T‐cell‐derived interleukin 13 in the skin‐whitening effect of Ginsenoside F1

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

A Retrospective Analysis of γδ T Cell Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Association with Recurrence of Nasal Polyps

Effect of ginseng and ginsenosides on melanogenesis and their mechanism of action

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Role of epidermal γδ T‐cell‐derived interleukin 13 in the skin‐whitening effect of Ginsenoside F1

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

A Retrospective Analysis of &#x03B3;δ T Cell Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Association with Recurrence of Nasal Polyps

Effect of ginseng and ginsenosides on melanogenesis and their mechanism of action

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A Retrospective Analysis of γδ T Cell Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Association with Recurrence of Nasal Polyps