Role of Endogenous Opioids and Opioid Receptors in Central Nervous System Injury

Faden, Alan I.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-77540-6_13

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Numerous biochemical substances and molecular agents that induce spinal cord cell and tissue injury may be termed as endogenous "neurodestructive" elements. On the other hand, several neurochemicals and molecules influence cell survival and repair processes can be regarded as endogenous "neuroprotective" factors [see below; for review see 37,41,48,72,[96][97][98][99][100][101]. A balance between endogenous neurodestructive and neuroprotective elements is thus important to regulate the biological processes responsible for the cell injury or repair.…”

Section: Endogenous "Neurodestructive" Vs "Neuroprotective" Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier in Traumatic Injury and Repair

Sharma¹

2005

CPD

157

218

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Blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) plays an important role in the regulation of the fluid microenvironment of the spinal cord. Trauma to the spinal cord impairs the BSCB permeability to proteins leading to vasogenic edema formation. Several endogenous neurochemical mediators and growth factors contribute to trauma induced BSCB disruption. Studies carried out in our laboratory suggest that those drugs and neurotrophic factors capable to attenuate the BSCB dysfunction following trauma are neuroprotective in nature. Whereas, agents that do not exert any influence on the BSCB disruption failed to reduce cell injury. These observations are in line with the idea that BSCB disruption plays an important role in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injuries. The probable mechanism(s) of trauma induced BSCB dysfunction and its contribution to cell injuries are discussed.

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Section: Endogenous "Neurodestructive" Vs "Neuroprotective" Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier in Traumatic Injury and Repair

Sharma¹

2005

CPD

157

218

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“…In addition, TRH and its analogs are able to prevent the adverse effects of excitotoxins, endogenous peptides, leukotrienes and platelet activating factors in SCI [92] . These laboratory investigations prompted a clinical trial of TRH in patients with acute SCI [91] in which the TRH was administered in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg (intravenously) as bolus within 12 h of injury followed by continuous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/h for 6 h. A remarkable improvement in motor and sensory functions in patients with incomplete SCI was observed after 4-month follow-up, whereas the results were negative in complete SCI cases.…”

Section: Thyrotropin-releasing Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives for the treatment options in spinal cord injury

Sharma

2008

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious clinical disorder that leads to lifetime disability for which no suitable therapeutic agents are available so far. Further research is needed to understand the basic mechanisms of spinal cord pathology that results in permanent disability and poses a heavy burden on our society. In the past, a lot of effort was placed on improving functional outcome with the help of various therapeutic agents, however less attention has been paid on the development and propagation of spinal cord pathology over time. Thus, it is still unclear whether improvement of functional outcome is related to spinal cord pathology or vice versa. Few drugs are able to influence functional outcome without having any improvement on cord pathology. Some drugs, however, can lessen cord pathology but fail to influence the functional outcome. The goal of future treatment options for SCI is therefore to find suitable new drugs or a combination of existing drugs and to use various cellular transplants, neurotrophic factors, myelin-inhibiting factors, tissue engineering and nano-drug delivery to improve both the functional and the pathological outcome in the inured patient. This review deals with the key aspects of the latest treatments for SCI and suggests some possible future therapeutic measures to enhance healthcare in clinical situations.

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“…Involvement of opioid peptides in trauma‐induced cell injury gets further support from the studies showing that naloxone, a multiopioid receptor antagonist, given at a high dose has a neuroprotective effect 3,4,9–11,13 . It is firmly believed that blockade of K ‐opioid receptors, a natural ligand for dynorphin, is important in the beneficial effects of naloxone 10,11 . In clinical trials if naloxone is given within an 8‐h period following injury, a beneficial effect on motor function and electrophysio‐logical recovery can be seen 6,37 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were some indications in the past that dynorphin, a member of the opioid peptide family, can cause cell injury if infused intrathecally 9,10 . Topical application of dynorphin antiserum has the capacity to attenuate cell injury caused by spinal trauma 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topical application of dynorphin antiserum has the capacity to attenuate cell injury caused by spinal trauma 27 . Involvement of opioid peptides in trauma‐induced cell injury gets further support from the studies showing that naloxone, a multiopioid receptor antagonist, given at a high dose has a neuroprotective effect 3,4,9–11,13 . It is firmly believed that blockade of K ‐opioid receptors, a natural ligand for dynorphin, is important in the beneficial effects of naloxone 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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