Role of embodiment and presence in human perception of robots’ facial cues

Mollahosseini, Ali; Abdollahi, Hojjat; Sweeny, Timothy D.; Cole, Ronald A.; Mahoor, Mohammad H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.04.005

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Although "online" social cognition paradigms are more challenging to design and implement than "offline" paradigms (e.g., additional programming requirements, access to embodied robot platforms, more involved study approval processes), it is important to examine social cognitive processes in settings that are similar enough to real interactions in order to draw firm conclusions regarding the impact of potential modulating factors. Future studies should increase the lifelikeness of social attention paradigms in HRI even more, for instance by using embodied robot platforms instead of video recordings; see [64][65][66][67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does context matter? Effects of robot appearance and reliability on social attention differs based on lifelikeness of gaze task

Abubshait¹,

Weis²,

Wiese³

2020

Preprint

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Social signals, such as changes in gaze direction, are essential cues to predict others’ mental states and behaviors (i.e., mentalizing). Studies show that humans can mentalize with non-human agents when they perceive a mind in them (i.e., mind perception). Robots that physically and/or behaviorally resemble humans likely trigger mind perception, which enhances the relevance of social cues and improves social-cognitive performance. The current ex-periments examine whether the effect of physical and behavioral influencers of mind perception on social-cognitive processing is modulated by the lifelikeness of a social interaction. Participants interacted with robots of varying degrees of physical (humanlike vs. robot-like) and behavioral (reliable vs. random) human-likeness while the lifelikeness of a social attention task was manipulated across five experiments. The first four experiments manipulated lifelikeness via the physical realism of the robot images (Study 1 and 2), the biological plausibility of the social signals (Study 3), and the plausibility of the social con-text (Study 4). They showed that humanlike behavior affected social attention whereas appearance affected mind perception ratings. However, when the lifelikeness of the interaction was increased by using videos of a human and a robot sending the social cues in a realistic environment (Study 5), social attention mechanisms were affected both by physical appearance and behavioral features, while mind perception ratings were mainly affected by physical appearance. This indicates that in order to understand the effect of physical and behavioral features on social cognition, paradigms should be used that adequately simulate the lifelikeness of social interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten participants were excluded due to poor task performance (i.e. answering incorrectly in more than 20% of the trials) or missing data, resulting in a final sample size of 65…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does context matter? Effects of robot appearance and reliability on social attention differs based on lifelikeness of gaze task

Abubshait¹,

Weis²,

Wiese³

2020

Preprint

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“…Their purpose is to create friendly and effective interaction with a human user with the additional aim of giving assistance to the user and achieving measurable progress in quality of life, often related to motivation, rehabilitation, or learning [27]. SARs are embodied, taking up physical space in the world and not merely existing on a screen, and can use audio and/or closed captioning to converse socially with humans, depending on their design [28]. It is important to note that SARs are both platforms for interventions and also interventions in and of themselves; they can learn and engage socially with individuals while also presenting interventions to users similar to mobile apps (eg, skills training, health tracking).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Social Robots in Mental Health and Well-Being Research: Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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Background Technology-assisted clinical interventions are increasingly common in the health care field, often with the proposed aim to improve access to and cost-effectiveness of care. Current technology platforms delivering interventions are largely mobile apps and online websites, although efforts have been made to create more personalized and embodied technology experiences. To extend and improve on these platforms, the field of robotics has been increasingly included in conversations of how to deliver technology-assisted, interactive, and responsive mental health and psychological well-being interventions. Socially assistive robots (SARs) are robotic technology platforms with audio, visual, and movement capabilities that are being developed to interact with individuals socially while also assisting them with management of their physical and psychological well-being. However, little is known about the empirical evidence or utility of using SARs in mental health interventions. Objective The review synthesizes and describes the nascent empirical literature of SARs in mental health research and identifies strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement in future research and practice. Methods Searches in Medline, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore yielded 12 studies included in the final review after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Abstract and full-text reviews were conducted by two authors independently. Results This systematic review of the literature found 5 distinct SARs used in research to investigate the potential for this technology to address mental health and psychological well-being outcomes. Research on mental health applications of SARs focuses largely on elderly dementia patients and relies on usability pilot data with methodological limitations. Conclusions The current SARs research in mental health use is limited in generalizability, scope, and measurement of psychological outcomes. Opportunities for expansion of research in this area include diversifying populations studied, SARs used, clinical applications, measures used, and settings for those applications.

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“…for face-to-face communication with individuals in different social, educational, and therapeutic contexts. This robot has been used in studies with older adults [21], children with autism [22], and other social robotics research [23], [24]. Ryan has an emotive and expressive animation-based face with accurate visual speech and can communicate through spoken dialogue.…”

Section: Robot-based Icbt a Ryanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Using A Conversational Social Robot

Dino

Zandie

Abdollahi

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

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Social robots are becoming an integrated part of our daily life due to their ability to provide companionship and entertainment. A subfield of robotics, Socially Assistive Robotics (SAR), is particularly suitable for expanding these benefits into the healthcare setting because of its unique ability to provide cognitive, social, and emotional support. This paper presents our recent research on developing SAR by evaluating the ability of a life-like conversational social robot, called Ryan, to administer internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) to older adults with depression. For Ryan to administer the therapy, we developed a dialogue-management system, called Program-R. Using an accredited CBT manual for the treatment of depression, we created seven hour-long iCBT dialogues and integrated them into Program-R using Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML). To assess the effectiveness of Robot-based iCBT and users' likability of our approach, we conducted an HRI study with a cohort of elderly people with mild-to-moderate depression over a period of four weeks. Quantitative analyses of participant's spoken responses (e.g. word count and sentiment analysis), face-scale mood scores, and exit surveys, strongly support the notion robot-based iCBT is a viable alternative to traditional human-delivered therapy.

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Role of embodiment and presence in human perception of robots’ facial cues

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Does context matter? Effects of robot appearance and reliability on social attention differs based on lifelikeness of gaze task

Does context matter? Effects of robot appearance and reliability on social attention differs based on lifelikeness of gaze task

Use of Social Robots in Mental Health and Well-Being Research: Systematic Review

Delivering Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Using A Conversational Social Robot

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