Role of Electron Donor in Polymer Catalyst Synthesis: An XPS Study

Kaushik, Vijay Kumar; Gupta, Virendra K.; Patil, Harshad R.; Naik, Dhananjay G.

doi:10.1007/s10562-007-9292-5

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…It has been reported that the molecular structure and performance of polypropylene can be controlled by IED and EED [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Specifically, an electron donor (ED) is generally used to improve stereoselectivity for propylene polymerization [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Although countless potential organic compounds have been tested as IEDs and EEDs, only a few combinations between IEDs and EEDs were found to give satisfactory results [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Hydrogen Sensitivity of Ziegler–Natta Catalysts with Novel Cycloalkoxy Silane Compounds as External Electron Donor

Wang

et al. 2016

Polymers

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Two novel cycloalkoxy silane compounds (ED1 and ED2) were synthesized and used as the external electron donors (EEDs) in Ziegler-Natta catalysts with diethyl 2,3-diisopropylsuccinate as internal electron donor. The results indicated that the Ziegler-Natta catalysts using ED1 and ED2 as EEDs had high catalytic activities and good stereoselectivities. The melt flow rate (MFR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results revealed that the obtained polypropylene has higher MFR and lower average molecular weights than the commercial EED cyclohexyl methyl dimethoxysilane. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that new isospecific active centers formed after the introduction of new external donors. The work implied that the novel EEDs could improve the hydrogen sensitivities of the catalyst system and obtain polymers with high melt flow rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Hydrogen Sensitivity of Ziegler–Natta Catalysts with Novel Cycloalkoxy Silane Compounds as External Electron Donor

Wang

et al. 2016

Polymers

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“…However, more than 60 years after the discovery of ZN catalysts, a complete understanding of these catalytic systems has not been achieved yet, and academic efforts are continuing to study various effective aspects on the performance of the catalytic system [5][6][7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Water on the Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts: Optimization of the Operating Conditions by Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2015

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In this study different water containing adducts, with MgCl 2 ÁnEtOHÁmH 2 O formula, were synthesized through melt quenching method. After characterization of support samples, the final catalysts were prepared by reaction of the samples with TiCl 4 and tested in slurry phase propylene polymerization. The prepared catalysts showed similar stereospecificities but different activities in polymerization experiments, so that, with increasing water amount from m = 0.0 to m = 0.4 wt%, the catalyst activity reached its maximum value of 4.62 kgPP/g Cat.h, and then by further water increase, from m = 0.4 to m = 1.0 wt%, the activity decreased. After optimizing water content, to reach the maximum efficiency of the catalytic system, optimization of the synthesis conditions was considered via response surface methodology. The studied operation conditions affecting the catalyst efficiency were volume ratio of TiCl 4 to toluene (V), initial TiCl 4 injection temperature (I) and TiCl 4 injection time (T). Results showed that catalytic performance is strongly dependent on its preparation conditions. Analysis of variance indicated that V and I are the most effecting parameters on the catalyst activity with F-value of 39.64, and 8.12, respectively. Indeed, it was found that TiCl 4 injection time had no enormous effect on the catalyst activity, but in combination with V, the injection time increment through the scrutinized range decreased the polymerization activity. The obtained model provided a promising tool for designing suitable catalysts for polypropylene production using MgCl 2 /TiCl 4 based Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Graphical Abstract The focus of the present study is to explore how the presence of water in the adduct synthesis step affects the final ZN catalyst performance in propylene polymerization. Besides water amount, effect of important catalyst synthesis parameters on the catalytic performance was studied as well through response surface methodology.

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Industrial applications of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in India

Addepalli

2019

Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena

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Role of Electron Donor in Polymer Catalyst Synthesis: An XPS Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Study on Hydrogen Sensitivity of Ziegler–Natta Catalysts with Novel Cycloalkoxy Silane Compounds as External Electron Donor

Study on Hydrogen Sensitivity of Ziegler–Natta Catalysts with Novel Cycloalkoxy Silane Compounds as External Electron Donor

Effect of Water on the Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts: Optimization of the Operating Conditions by Response Surface Methodology

Industrial applications of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in India

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