Role of electrochemical reactions in pressure solution

Greene, George W.; Kristiansen, Kai; Meyer, Emily E.; Boles, James R.; Israelachvili, Jacob N.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.012

Cited by 66 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…On the other hand, it has been recently shown by experiments that pressure solution of quartz is greatly enhanced at the quartz-mica interphase boundary under a very small amount of differential stress of 0.2-0.3 MPa, driven by the electrical potential difference, whereas that at quartz-quartz boundary is negligible (Greene et al, 2009). These new experimental findings on the driving force of pressure solution in fact accord with the natural observations not only in the present study, but also in literature (e.g.…”

Section: Possible Large Degree Of Weakening By Coupled Micro-faultingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the formation of micro-shear zones consisting of very-fine-grained quartz aggregates and aligned mica led to the great reduction of creep strength by pressure solution, because the strain rate is strongly dependent on the grain size. Furthermore, if pressure solution occurs driven by the elecrtrochemical effect at the interphase boundary under a very low differential stress, the increasing amount of mica, which was newly grown along shear bands or in micro-shear zones, could have greatly reduced the creep strength by pressure solution (Greene et al, 2009). The inference is consistent with the fact that the degree of pressure solution…”

Section: Possible Large Degree Of Weakening By Coupled Micro-faultingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupled micro-faulting and pressure solution creep overprinted on quartz schist deformed by intracrystalline plasticity during exhumation of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, southwest Japan

Takeshita

El-Fakharani

2013

Journal of Structural Geology

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In the Sambagawa schist, southwest Japan, while ductile deformation pervasively occurred at D 1 phase during exhumation, low-angle normal faulting was locally intensive at D 2 phase under the conditions of frictional-viscous transition of quartz (c. 300 o C) during further exhumation into the upper crustal level. Accordingly, the formation of D 2 shear bands was overprinted on type I crossed girdle quartz c-axis fabrics and microstructures formed by intracrystalline plasticity at D 1 phase in some quartz schists. The quartz c-axis fabrics became weak and finally random with increasing shear, accompanied by the decreasing degree of undulation of recrystallized quartz grain boundaries, which resulted from the increasing portion of straight grain boundaries coinciding with the interfaces between newly precipitated quartz and mica. We interpreted these facts as caused by increasing activity of pressure solution: the quartz grains were dissolved mostly at platy quartz-mica interface, and precipitated with random orientation and pinned by mica, thus having led to the obliteration of existing quartz c-axis fabrics. In the sheared quartz schist, the strength became reduced by the enhanced pressure solution creep not only due to the reduction of diffusion path length caused by increasing number of shear bands, but also to enhanced dissolution at the interphase boundaries.

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Section: Possible Large Degree Of Weakening By Coupled Micro-faultingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Large Degree Of Weakening By Coupled Micro-faultingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled micro-faulting and pressure solution creep overprinted on quartz schist deformed by intracrystalline plasticity during exhumation of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, southwest Japan

Takeshita

El-Fakharani

2013

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…6 The role of cations in the electrolyte solution are important for the dissolution process; however, the exact mechanism is not currently known. We have observed that divalent cations (e.g., calcium) increase the dissolution rate compared to monovalent cations (e.g., sodium), 20 while experiments by Dove 29 observed rate dependence on the type and concentration of the cations. The dependency of cation type and concentration leads us to believe that these cations have a catalytic effect on the dissolution process, as the positive ions can form bonds with negatively charged dangling bonds at the silica surface or even break up Si−O bonds at the surface.…”

Section: Natural Electrochemicalmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…23 Displacement agitation normal to the surfaces shows no effect, while shearing mica against quartz increases the dissolution rate considerably. 20 The effect of ions in the aqueous solution will be discussed in the next section.…”

Section: Natural Electrochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overlapping electrical double layer (i.e., asymmetric surface potentials) was proposed to be one of the main mechanisms. 20,25 The hypothesis that the dissolution rate of a quartz surface is changed by an apposing electrically charged surface in close proximity lead us to the development of the electrochemical cell attachment for the SFA (EC-SFA). Figures 3 and 6a show schematics of the setup where the lower surface is the quartz or amorphous silica that we monitor in real time using our FECO technique and the upper gold surface is the working electrode, where we may vary the surface potential, and hence the electric double layer.…”

Section: Natural Electrochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Intersection of Interfacial Forces and Electrochemical Reactions

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT:We review recent developments in experimental techniques that simultaneously combine measurements of the interaction forces or energies between two extended surfaces immersed in electrolyte solutionsprimarily aqueouswith simultaneous monitoring of their (electro)chemical reactions and controlling the electrochemical surface potential of at least one of the surfaces. Combination of these complementary techniques allows for simultaneous real time monitoring of angstrom level changes in surface thickness and roughness, surface−surface interaction energies, and charge and mass transferred via electrochemical reactions, dissolution, and adsorption, and/or charging of electric double layers. These techniques employ the surface forces apparatus (SFA) combined with various "electrochemical attachments" for in situ measurements of various physical and (electro)chemical properties (e.g., cyclic voltammetry), optical imaging, and electric potentials and currents generated naturally during an interaction, as well as when electric fields (potential differences) are applied between the surfaces and/or solutionin some cases allowing for the chemical reaction equation to be unambiguously determined. We discuss how the physical interactions between two different surfaces when brought close to each other (<10 nm) can affect their chemistry, and suggest further extensions of these techniques to biological systems and simultaneous in situ spectroscopic measurements for chemical analysis.

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Effects of healing on the seismogenic potential of carbonate fault rocks: Experiments on samples from the Longmenshan Fault, Sichuan, China

2015

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Fault slip and healing history may crucially affect the fault seismogenic potential in the earthquake nucleation regime. Here we report direct shear friction tests on simulated gouges derived from a carbonate fault breccia, and from a clay/carbonate fault‐core gouge, retrieved from a surface exposure of the Longmenshan Fault Zone (LFZ) which hosted the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The experiments were conducted under dry and hydrothermal conditions, at temperatures up to 140°C, at an effective normal stress of 50 MPa, and involved sequential velocity‐stepping (VS), slide‐hold‐slide (SHS), and velocity‐stepping stages. Dry tests performed on breccia‐derived samples showed no dependence of (quasi) steady state friction (μss) on SHS or VS history, and a log linear relation between transient peak healing (Δμpk) and hold time, or classical “Dieterich‐type” healing behavior. By contrast, all experiments conducted under hydrothermal conditions were characterized by “non‐Dieterich” healing behavior. This included (1) an increase in μss upon resliding after a hold period and (2) an increase in friction rate parameter (a − b), after SHS testing. Comparison with previous results suggests that the healing behavior seen in our wet tests may be attributed to solution transfer processes occurring during hold periods. Our findings imply that the shallow portions of faults with carbonate/clay‐rich cores (e.g., the LFZ) can heal much faster than previously recognized, while the upper limit of the seismogenic zone may migrate to deeper levels during interseismic periods. These effects have important implications for understanding the seismic cycle in tectonically active carbonate terrains.

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Role of electrochemical reactions in pressure solution

Cited by 66 publications

References 23 publications

Coupled micro-faulting and pressure solution creep overprinted on quartz schist deformed by intracrystalline plasticity during exhumation of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, southwest Japan

Coupled micro-faulting and pressure solution creep overprinted on quartz schist deformed by intracrystalline plasticity during exhumation of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, southwest Japan

The Intersection of Interfacial Forces and Electrochemical Reactions

Effects of healing on the seismogenic potential of carbonate fault rocks: Experiments on samples from the Longmenshan Fault, Sichuan, China

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