Role of early insulin secretion in postglucose‐loading hyperglycaemia and postfat‐loading hyperlipidaemia: comparing nateglinide and glibenclamide for acute effects on insulin secretion in OLETF rats

Abstract

Abnormalities in early insulin secretion are closely associated with the pathogenesis of various disease conditions that combine to characterize type 2 diabetes, suggesting that normalizing early insulin response in portal blood represents an important treatment not only for postprandial hyperglycaemia but also for postprandial hyperlipidaemia.

High dosage of Exendin-4 increased early insulin secretion in differentiated beta cells from mouse embryonic stem cells

“…These results suggest that Exendin-4 at a lower dosage (0.1 nmol/L) induced the differentiation of insulin-producing cells with increased insulin synthesis but without significant effect on insulin secretion, while Exendin-4 at a higher dosage (10 nmol/L) enhanced both insulin synthesis and glucoseresponsive insulin secretion, especially EIR. A higher dosage of Exendin-4 appears to have potential for application in the clinic, since EIR plays an important role in inhibiting not only postprandial hyperglycemia, but also postprandial hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by impaired EIR [23][24][25] .…”

Administration of dexamethasone per os in finishing bulls. I. Effects on productive traits, meat quality and cattle behaviour as indicator of welfare

“…During the same period, dexamethasone, acting as endogenous glucocorticoid, and hyperglycaemia might have promoted insulin production by the pancreatic b cells. The reduction of glycaemia observed during the last part of the experiment in the bulls treated is likely due to the hypoglycaemic role of insulin (Insel et al, 1975;Mori et al, 2004). The organism's response to prolonged oral administration of a low dosage of dexamethasone in terms of the hepatic synthesis of glucose is immediate, whereas response in terms of insulin production seems to require a longer adaptation period.…”

Nateglinide prevents fatty liver through up-regulation of lipid oxidation pathway in Goto-Kakizaki rats on a high-fat diet

“…They pointed out that restoration of early-phase insulin secretion is necessary for the normalization of postprandial hepatic glucose metabolism. In addition, recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that NAT suppresses the postprandial increase of plasma triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) TG, remnant-like particles TG, and remnant-like particles cholesterol [11][12][13][14], whereas such effects were not observed with glibenclamide or an α-glucosidase inhibitor [11,12]. These findings suggest that restoration of early-phase insulin secretion is also necessary to improve postprandial dyslipidemia.…”