Role of Different Material Amendments in Shaping the Content of Heavy Metals in Maize (Zea mays L.) on Soil Polluted with Petrol

Abstract

Petroleum substances are among the xenobiotics that most often contaminate the natural environment. They have a strong effect on soil, water, and other components of the environment. The aim of this pot experiment has been to determine the effect of different soil material amendments (compost, 3%; bentonite, 2% relative to the soil mass or calcium oxide, in amounts corresponding to one full hydrolytic acidity) on the content of heavy metals in aerial parts of maize (Zea mays L.) grown on soil polluted with petrol (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 cm3 kg−1 of soil). The content of all heavy metals, except copper, in the aerial biomass of maize was positively correlated, but biomass yield negatively correlated, with the increasing doses of petrol. The highest increase in the content of heavy metals was noted for chromium and manganese. Materials used for phytostabilisation (compost, bentonite, and calcium oxide) had a significant effect on the content of heavy metals and biomass yield of maize. They contributed to the modified accumulation of elements, especially chromium, copper, and cobalt in the aerial biomass of maize. In comparison with the control series (without material amendments), the application of calcium oxide proved to be most effective. It had the most evident influence on the chemical composition of maize, limiting the accumulation of lead, zinc, manganese, and iron and increasing biomass yield.

Trace Element Contents in Petrol-Contaminated Soil Following the Application of Compost and Mineral Materials

“…In the series without mitigating materials, increasing doses of petrol reduced the contents of chromium, zinc, and cobalt while having no statistically significant impact on the contents of copper, manganese, and iron in the soil. The reduction in the content of chrome, zinc, and cobalt in the soil under the influence of petrol was correlated with an increase in the content of these trace elements in plants [ 48 ]. Zinc and, to a lesser extent, cobalt are more mobile and migrating in soils than other analysed trace elements.…”

“…Petrol, neutralising materials (compost, bentonite, and calcium oxide), and macro- and micronutrients were mixed thoroughly with 9 kg of soil before the experiment and placed in polyethylene pots. The trace element contents in the soil, compost, bentonite, and calcium oxide were provided in a previously published paper [ 48 ]. This was followed by the sowing of maize ( Zea mays L.) of the Scandia variety.…”

Applicability of Compost and Mineral Materials for Reducing the Effect of Diesel Oil on Trace Element Content in Soil

“…The contents of the trace elements in the soil and the materials used (compost, bentonite and calcium oxide) were determined before the experiment was established. The results of these assays were provided in our previous work [ 52 ]. The test plant was maize ( Zea mays L.) of the Scandia cultivar; its density was 8 plants per pot.…”

Prediction Model of Soil Heavy Metal Content Based on Particle Swarm Algorithm Optimized Neural Network

“…In the domestic research on pollution analysis of soil heavy metal content, Maimaititurson Aizezi et al first used geostatistical method to analyze the spatial distribution of soil heavy metal content in the study area and then used two pollution evaluation indexes to evaluate the degree of soil heavy metal pollution in the region. It is determined that the main influencing sources of soil heavy metal content in this region are soil geochemical genesis and human activities [13]. Lin Xiaomei et al chose least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and partial least squares method (PLS) as comparative methods and combined them with induction technology, respectively, to conduct comparative experiments on soil heavy metal analysis.…”