Role of dietary therapies in the prevention and treatment of hypertension

Abstract

Blood pressure naturally rises with increasing age. The rate of change in blood pressure with age is regulated in part by genetic factors, but can also be altered through sustained dietary modification. Dietary approaches to modify blood pressure remain an important part of cardiovascular health promotion, which is especially important given the aging of the general population coupled with the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic disturbances. Specific modification of dietary components such as macronutrients and micronutrients could be helpful to lower blood pressure and alter the slope of blood pressure change whereas nutritional supplements are less likely to have a substantial beneficial effect. Population-wide generalizations regarding diet are impractical as individualized strategies are more likely to be successful in facilitating long-term benefits in improving blood-pressure control. Consequently, more effort needs to be focused on evaluating data from large-scale observational and interventional studies and interpreting their information in a clinically relevant manner, which is likely to be helpful for individual patients. Providing education on the relationship between diet and blood pressure from an early age is most likely to produce tangible benefits.

Long-term oral resveratrol intake provides nutritional preconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: Involvement of VDAC1 downregulation

“…For such preconditioning, the nutrients must exist naturally, can be obtained through daily diet, and exhibit cardioprotective effects . Thus, “nutritional preconditioning” could represent a low‐risk solution for ischemic cardioprotection, which can limit infarct size without prediction of ischemic events .…”

“…As such, "nutritional preconditioning" has been proposed by Abdukeyum et al For such preconditioning, the nutrients must exist naturally, can be obtained through daily diet, and exhibit cardioprotective effects [6]. Thus, "nutritional preconditioning" could represent a low-risk solution for ischemic cardioprotection, which can limit infarct size without prediction of ischemic events [17]. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound in red wine, has been well documented to provide cardiovascular protective effect.…”

Dietary Approaches to Prevent Hypertension

“…The evidence that particular macronutrients are also effective in reducing blood pressure is quite strong [16–18]. The largest body of evidence for any macronutrients’ influence on blood pressure is that regarding protein.…”

11Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency and Other Syndromes of Mineralocorticoid Excess as a Rare Cause of Endocrine Hypertension

“…Understanding the pathophysiology of these rare conditions may help to design future molecular targeted therapies, although the mainstay of antihypertensive therapy, reducing the overconsumption of salt in addition to increasing compliance and adherence of patients to therapy will remain [ 128 ] .…”