Role of dietary quality and diversity on overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Tanzania

Paulo, Heavenlight A.; Mosha, Dominic; Mwanyika‐Sando, Mary; Mboya, Innocent B.; Madzorera, Isabel; Killewo, Japhet; Leyna, Germana; Msuya, Sia E.; Fawzi, Wafaie W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266344

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In Kersa, a unit increase in the consumption of food groups categorized as unhealthy or unhealthy in excessive amounts (GDQS-), increased the likelihood of overweight and obesity in 30% but dietary diversity was not associated with overweight and obesity. This is compatible with other similar studies ( 59 , 60 ). However, some studies shows that higher dietary diversity increases the odds of obesity and overweight ( 61–63 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…It is important to be cautious when promoting health messages to the community, as consuming energy-dense foods from a variety of groups can lead to weight gain and obesity. On the other hand, women with lower are more likely to be overweight or obese, while those with higher GDQS have a lower risk ( 20 , 59 ). Therefore, it is important to strike a balance between a high GDQS and appropriate dietary diversity in order to maintain a healthy weight and prevent overweight and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between dietary protein intake, diet quality and diversity, and obesity among women of reproductive age in Kersa, Ethiopia

Roba,

Assefa,

Roba

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionIn Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the effect of dietary protein intake on women’s body mass index. Therefore, this study investigated the association between dietary protein intake, diet quality, and overweight and obesity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 897 women of reproductive age. Food frequency questionnaires were used to assess 7-day dietary intake. It was converted into protein and other macro-nutrient intakes, Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women, and Global Dietary Quality Score. Body Mass Index (BMI) of overweight & obese women were defined as ≥25 kg/m2. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (in a multivariate logistic regression model) was used to determine the strength of the association between BMI and dietary protein intake, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe median dietary protein intake was 41.3 (32.9, 52.6) grams/day or 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) grams/kilogram of body weight/day. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 7.5% (n = 67). Only 220 (24.5%) women could meet the recommended minimum dietary diversity of five or more food groups out of 10 per day. Furthermore, only 255 (28.4%) women were found to have a low risk for nutrient adequacy. Interestingly, women who consumed moderate dietary protein had a significantly lower likelihood of being overweight or obese, with AOR of 0.21 (95% CI 0.10–0.48). Similarly, those who consumed a high amount of protein had even lower odds, with AOR of 0.03 (95% CI 0.01–0.14), compared to those who consumed a low amount of dietary protein. Age of 40–49 years (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.24–8.95) compared to 18–29 years, non-farmers (AOR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.55–6.62), higher consumption of food from unhealthy groups (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.61), and high fat intake (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.09) were associated with overweight and obesity.Conclusions and recommendationsThe study indicated an inverse relationship between BMI and dietary protein intake. It also revealed that women who consumed foods from unhealthy or unhealthy when consumed in excessive amounts were more likely to be overweight or obese. Increasing dietary protein consumption can help reproductive-age women reduce the odds of obesity and overweight. Furthermore, community-based educational programs, policy changes, and healthcare services can support this effort.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between dietary protein intake, diet quality and diversity, and obesity among women of reproductive age in Kersa, Ethiopia

Roba,

Assefa,

Roba

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Diet quality was assessed using Prime Dietary Quality Score (PDQS), an index that assesses the consumption of healthy and unhealthy food groups associated with health and diseases among adults and children [16,24]. Previously, PDQS has been used to study diet quality among various populations in Tanzania Mainland [25][26][27]. Foods consumed by children were categorized into 21 food groups, 13 of which are healthy and 8 unhealthy food groups.…”

Section: Diet Quality Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of diet quality on nutritional status of school-aged children and adolescents in Zanzibar, Tanzania

Said,

Khamis,

Salmin

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Malnutrition among young children and adolescents poses a serious health challenge in developing countries which results in many health problems during adulthood. Poor diet quality is known as the root cause of malnutrition which is caused by unhealthy food choices and bad eating habits among young children and adolescents. However, limited evidence is available on diet quality and its association with nutrition status among young children and adolescents in Zanzibar. This study examined the diet quality and its relationship with the nutritional status of school-aged children and adolescents in Zanzibar. Methods Data for this study was obtained from the cross-sectional survey of School Health and Nutrition (SHN) conducted in Zanzibar. The survey recruited children aged 5–19 years from 93 schools in Zanzibar. A seven-day food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. Prime Dietary Quality Score (PDQS) consisted of 21 food groups was then constructed to assess the diet quality of school-aged children and adolescents. Body mass index (BMI-for-age Z-score) was used as the indicator of nutrition status. Both linear and logistic regression analysis techniques were used to determine the associations between BMI and PDQS. Results A total data of 2,556 children were enrolled in the survey. The prevalence of thinness was 8.1%, normal 82.1%, overweight 7.2% and obesity 2.6%. The mean (SD) PDQS score was 18.8 (3.2) which ranged from 8 to 33. Consumptions of green leafy vegetables (49.3%), yellow or red fruits (37.8%), legumes (38.3%), fish (36.3%), and vegetable oil (31.5%) were up to three times per week, whereas consumptions of white vegetables (77.3%), cooked vegetables (32.6%), citrus fruits (66.8%), other types of fruits (66.2%), nuts (46.4%), poultry (49.6%), whole grains (61%) and eggs (67.8%) were less than once per week. In terms of unhealthy foods, eating fried foods was reported by 26.3% up to three times per week, and 31.5% reported consuming sweets and ice cream up to three times in the past week. High PDQS was significantly associated with a reduction in BMI of children (p< 0.005). For each unit increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods such as fried foods, cooked vegetables and refined grains there is a significant increase in BMI. The odds of being obese decrease significantly as diet quality increases from the first to third quintile of PDQS (AOR = 0.2, 0.04–0.89 95% CI, p = 0.035). Conclusion Consumption of high quality diet was found to be associated with a reduction in excessive weight among school-aged children and adolescents in Zanzibar. There is a need for interventions targeting to reduce unhealthy food consumption in school environment. Further research should be conducted to assess diet quality using PDQS among young children and adolescents.

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“…Over the past few decades, the number of overweight and obese people has been increasing, especially among women of reproductive age ( 1 – 3 ). Approximately 25% of women are overweight after childbirth and 20% of women are obese before pregnancy worldwide ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of exercise on the prevention of gestational hypertension in obese and overweight pregnant women: An updated meta-analysis

Xie

Tao²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundGestational hypertension (GH) is a common disease that seriously threatens the safety and health of pregnant women and their newborns. Physical exercise (PE) is widely recognized as a health maintenance method and it has numerous benefits. Studies on the association between PE and the risk of GH in obese and overweight pregnant women have generated controversial findings. This updated meta-analysis was performed to reassess the effects of PE on GH.MethodsThe articles from inception to April 2022, presenting studies investigating exercise intervention and pregnancy outcomes were explored across several online databases. Heterogeneity among the included studies was estimated and tested by Q test and I2 statistic. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated through either random-effect or fixed-effect models. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias diagnoses were also conducted.ResultsTwelve with 1,649 subjects were included. PE was associated with a reduced risk of GH in obese and overweight pregnant women (Pooled RR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.42–0.81, P = 0.001; I2 = 24.3%). Subgroup analysis found significant trends amongst Eastern countries (RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.36–0.96, P = 0.033). Sensitivity analysis suggested the results were stable. No publication bias was detected based on Begg's test and Egger's test.ConclusionPE was associated with reduced risk of GH in obese and overweight pregnant women, especially in Eastern countries. More well-designed studies are still needed to further elaborate on these associations.Systematic review registrationCRD42022326183.

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Role of dietary quality and diversity on overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Tanzania

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Association between dietary protein intake, diet quality and diversity, and obesity among women of reproductive age in Kersa, Ethiopia

Association between dietary protein intake, diet quality and diversity, and obesity among women of reproductive age in Kersa, Ethiopia

Influence of diet quality on nutritional status of school-aged children and adolescents in Zanzibar, Tanzania

The effect of exercise on the prevention of gestational hypertension in obese and overweight pregnant women: An updated meta-analysis

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