Role of dietary carbohydrate and fat in horses with equine polysaccharide storage myopathy

“…Based on retrospective data, Harris (1991) came up with the following diagnostic algorithm to conclude that ER has occurred: a. a CK activity >4-fold of the upper reference level for CK b. an AST activity >2-fold of the upper reference level for AST. The significant increase in serum CK, AST and LDH values observed in the present study suspected ER with respective muscle damage (Valentine et al 2001;Sjaastad et al 2004). The present results come in accordance with previous studies (Hosie et al 1986;Whitwell et al 1988;Brandt et al 1997;Palencia and Rivero 2007;Votion et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Investigation of selected biochemical indicators of Equine Rhabdomyolysis in Arabian horses: pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers

El-Deeb

El-Bahr

2010

Vet Res Commun

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A total of 30 horses were divided into two groups, one served as a control whereas other was rhabdomyolysis diseased horses. After blood collection, the resulted sera were used for estimation of the activities of creatin kinase (CK), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactic acid, triacylglycerol (TAG), glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, Triiodothyronine (T(3)), calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, chloride, vitamin E, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α). In addition, whole blood was used for determination of selenium, reduced glutathione (G-SH) and prostaglandin F2-α (PGF2α). The erythrocyte hemolysates were used for the determination of the activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The present findings revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the values of CK, AST, LDH, glucose, lactate, TAG, urea, creatinine, phosphorus, MDA, TNF- α, IL6 and PGF2- α in diseased horses when compared with the control. Furthermore, the values of calcium, SOD, CAT, TAC, NO and GSH in diseased horses were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower than the control. The other examined parameters were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the examined pro-inflammatory cytokines were useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of Equine rhabdomyolysis (ER) in Arabian horses beside the old examined biomarkers. In the future, efforts should be made to confirm this in other breed. If this could be achieved, it would open up new perspectives in research fields dealing with ER.

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“…Horse owners supplement a diet of pasture and hay with grain concentrates in order to meet energy demands of performance and to provide a carrier for micronutrients that are marginal or deficient in forages. Common experience has been supported by epidemiological and experimental studies that associate grain concentrates with several digestive and metabolic disorders, including colic (Clarke et al, 1990;Hudson et al, 2001), laminitis (Pass et al, 1998), gastric ulcers (Murray, 1994), developmental orthopedic disease (Kronfeld et al, 1990;Ralston, 1996), insulin resistance (Hoffman et al, 2003a;Treiber et al, 2005) and some forms of exertional rhabdomyolysis (Valentine et al, 2001). The abundant starch in grain concentrates has been implicated as the culprit, leading to development and marketing of "low starch" concentrates for horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The b-2,6 glycocidic bonds in fructans are not hydrolyzed in mammalian small intestine but may be partially degraded by small intestinal microbes (Coenen et al, 2006). Fructans were used to initiate equine carbohydrate overload and laminitis (Pollitt et al, 2003;van Eps and Pollitt, 2006) and produced a more rapid fall in cecal pH than an equal amount of corn starch (Bailey et al, 2002).…”

Section: Metabolic Disorders In Horses Associated With Carbohydrates mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic disorders in horses

Hoffman

2009

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-Horses evolved consuming primarily fermentable forage carbohydrates, but forage diets have been traditionally supplemented with grain meals rich in starch and sugar in order to provide additional calories, protein and micronutrients. Starch and sugar are important for performance horses, but the consumption starch-rich meals may cause equine digestive and metabolic disorders. The critical capacity for preileal starch digestibility appears to be 0.35 to 0.4% but may be as little, depending on the source of starch. Small intestinal absorption of simple sugars is limited by the activity and expression of two classes of glucose carrier proteins, which are affected by chronic intake of hydrolyzable carbohydrate but may be sluggish to respond to abrupt changes in diet, further exacerbating the risk of overload. The most rapid fermentation occurs during starch overload or in the presence of fructans. Rapid fermentation perturbs the microbial and pH balance of the cecum and colon, favoring proliferation of Lactobacillus spp and acid production and increasing the risk of colic and laminitis. In addition to digestive disturbances, feeding grain concentrates rich in hydrolyzable carbohydrate may increase the risk of insulin resistance, which has been associated with obesity, laminitis and chronic founder, developmental orthopedic disease, and Cushing's disease in horses. This threshold concentration of starch intake may be a starting point for horse owners, feed manufacturers and veterinarians that may be claimed to be "low" enough to reduce risk in insulin resistant horses sensitive to grain-associated disorders.Key Words: carbohydrate metabolism, glucose, horse, insulin resistance Metabolismo de carboidratos e disfunções metabólicas em equinosRESUMO -Equinos desenvolvem-se consumindo primordialmente os carboidratos fermentáveis das forragens, porém as dietas a base de forragens vem sendo suplementadas com dietas a base de grãos, ricas em amido e açúcar, visando fornecer adicionais calorias, proteínas e micronutrientes. Amido e açucares são importantes para os equinos atletas, porém o consumo de dietas ricas em amido pode causar problemas digestivos e metabólicos aos equinos. A capacidade critica da digestão pré-ileal do amido varia entre 0,35 a 0,4%, podendo ser inferior, dependendo da fonte de amido. A absorção de açucares simples, no intestino delgado, depende da expressão de suas proteínas carreadoras de glicose, as quais são afetadas pela ingestão continua de carboidratos solúveis, porém podem ser mais vagarosas a responder a mudanças abruptas na dieta prevenindo o risco da sobrecarga. A fermentação mais rápida ocorre quando amido não digerido no intestino delgado adentra o intestino grosso e na presença de frutanas. A rápida fermentação perturba o equilíbrio da microbial e do pH de ceco e colon, favorecendo a proliferação de Lactobacillus spp e produção de ácido lático, aumentando o risco de cólicas e laminite. Adicionalmente aos distúrbios digestivos, dietas a base de grãos com alta concentração de carboi...

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Role of dietary carbohydrate and fat in horses with equine polysaccharide storage myopathy

Cited by 65 publications

References 32 publications

Management of Chronic Diarrhea in an Adult Horse

Management of Chronic Diarrhea in an Adult Horse

Investigation of selected biochemical indicators of Equine Rhabdomyolysis in Arabian horses: pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers

Carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic disorders in horses

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