Role of diet in regulating the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis

Sanchez, John Michael S.; DePaula-Silva, Ana Beatriz; Libbey, Jane E.; Fujinami, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108379

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 263 publications

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“…Evaluating MS patients, Lasemi et al showed that MK levels in this population were decreased compared to controls and suggested that MK supplementation might inhibit the disease's evolution [180]. Indeed, Sanchez et al observed that prophylactic MK supplementation could suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of brain inflammation used to study human CNS demyelinating diseases, including MS [181].…”

Section: The Effect Of Vitamin K On Neurodegenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

2021

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As human life expectancy is rising, the incidence of age-associated diseases will also increase. Scientific evidence has revealed that healthy diets, including good fats, vitamins, minerals, or polyphenolics, could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with antiaging effects. Recent studies demonstrated that vitamin K is a vital cofactor in activating several proteins, which act against age-related syndromes. Thus, vitamin K can carboxylate osteocalcin (a protein capable of transporting and fixing calcium in bone), activate matrix Gla protein (an inhibitor of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events) and carboxylate Gas6 protein (involved in brain physiology and a cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease inhibitor). By improving insulin sensitivity, vitamin K lowers diabetes risk. It also exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, autophagic effects and has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Recent research shows that protein S, another vitamin K-dependent protein, can prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 cases. The reduced activation of protein S due to the pneumonia-induced vitamin K depletion was correlated with higher thrombogenicity and possibly fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our review aimed to present the latest scientific evidence about vitamin K and its role in preventing age-associated diseases and/or improving the effectiveness of medical treatments in mature adults ˃50 years old.

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Section: The Effect Of Vitamin K On Neurodegenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

2021

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“…Different diets (caloric restriction, McDougall diet, Mediterranean diet), which may alter gut microbiota, were tested in both clinical and preclinical conditions; however, no consensus has yet been reached. Among the most relevant and recent findings, we mention the work of Sanchez et al, 2020, which illustrates in detail the influence of different dietary restrictions on the components of gut microbiota and offers future directions in diet plans that increase microbiota populations (e.g., Bacteroides) that are normally decreased in MS patients [ 76 ].…”

Section: Common Pathophysiological Elements For Obesity and Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis—A Multifaceted Association

Schreiner

Genes

2021

JCM

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Background: Given the common elements in the pathophysiological theories that try to explain the appearance and evolution of obesity and multiple sclerosis, the association between the two pathologies has become an increasingly researched topic in recent years. On the one hand, there is the chronic demyelinating inflammation caused by the autoimmune cascade of multiple sclerosis, while on the other hand, according to the latest research, it has been shown that obesity shares an inflammatory component with most chronic diseases. Methods: The authors performed independent research of the available literature in the most important electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Science Direct) in February 2021. After applying the exclusion criteria, the reviewers focused on the most relevant articles published during the last 10 years with respect to epidemiology and pathophysiology. Results: The data presented are a step forward in trying to elucidate the intricate relationship between obesity and MS, especially the causal relationship between childhood and adolescent obesity and MS, focusing on the epidemiological associations observed in the most relevant observational studies conducted in recent years. In the second part, the authors comment on the latest findings related to the pathophysiological mechanisms that may explain the correlations between obesity and multiple sclerosis, focusing also on the role of adipokines. Conclusions: Based on available epidemiological data, obesity in early life appears to be strongly associated with a higher risk of MS development, independent of other risk factors. Although much research has been done on the pathophysiology of obesity, MS, their possible common mechanism, and the role of adipokines, further studies are needed in order to explain what remains unknown. No relevant data were found regarding the association between obesity, disability (high EDSS score), and mortality risk in MS patients. Thus, we consider that this topic should be elucidated in future research.

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“…In the current study, an antiinflammatory diet was prescribed to assess the possible effects on DII in RRMS patients. The link between diet and chronic inflammation has been well established [53,54], and the association between inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS is generally well-supported [55]. According to previous work, the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with biomarkers of inflammation [56,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Mediterranean diet v. traditional Iranian diet: efficacy of dietary interventions on dietary inflammatory index score, fatigue severity and disability in multiple sclerosis patients

et al. 2021

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Background Current evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MeD) can reduce inflammation in chronic diseases; however, studies pertaining to Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the modiﬁed MeD (mMeD) in improving Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores, disability, and fatigue severity, compared to Traditional Iranian Diet (TID), in RRMS patients. Methods After initial screening (n=261), 180 RRMS patients were randomized to receive mMeD or TID (as control) for six months. DII score, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and 21-item Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) were evaluated at baseline and trial cessation. Multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted and adjusted for age, gender, body weight, body mass index, education level, supplement use, family history and duration of MS. Results Of the 180 patients enrolled, 147 participants were included in the ﬁnal analysis (n of mMeD=68; n of TID=79). Self-reported adherence was good (˜81%). Dietary intakes of 45 food parameters were assessed through the food frequency questionnaire. The mMeD significantly reduced DII scores after six months (2.38±0.21 to −1.87±0.86, P<0.001), but TID did not elicit any changes (2.21±0.44 to 2.14±1.01, P=0.771). Additionally, MFIS total score decreased significantly (72.4±17.2 to 63.9±14.2, P<0.001), whereas there was no considerable improvement for EDSS in the mMeD group. Conclusion Adherence to mMeD, for six months, improved dietary inflammatory status and fatigue severity in RRMS patients, however, the traditional Iranian diet did not positively impact dietary inflammation and MFIS score.

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Role of diet in regulating the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis

Cited by 24 publications

References 263 publications

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis—A Multifaceted Association

Modified Mediterranean diet v. traditional Iranian diet: efficacy of dietary interventions on dietary inflammatory index score, fatigue severity and disability in multiple sclerosis patients

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