Role of Dehydration in Heat Stress-Induced Variations in Mental Performance

Gopinathan, P M; Pichan, G.; Sharma, Vandana

doi:10.1080/00039896.1988.9934367

Cited by 310 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…At the same time, ratings of tiredness and headache increase (Figure 1). There are also some indications in the published literature that cognitive function, as assessed by decision making and reaction time tests, is also impaired at relatively low levels of dehydration (Gopinathan et al, 1988). This may be important when decisions have to be made or where judgement and skill are involved; driving a motor car is a good example of such a task.…”

Section: Hydration Status and Wellnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of mild dehydration on wellness and on exercise performance

2003

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Chronic mild dehydration is a common condition in some population groups, including especially the elderly and those who participate in physical activity in warm environments. Hypohydration is recognised as a precipitating factor in a number of acute medical conditions in the elderly, and there may be an association, although not necessarily a causal one, between a low habitual fluid intake and some cancers, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There is some evidence of impairments of cognitive function at moderate levels of hypohydration, but even short periods of fluid restriction, leading to a loss of body mass of 1-2%, lead to reductions in the subjective perception of alertness and ability to concentrate and to increases in self-reported tiredness and headache. In exercise lasting more than a few minutes, hypohydration clearly impairs performance capacity, but muscle strength appears to be relatively unaffected.

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Section: Hydration Status and Wellnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of mild dehydration on wellness and on exercise performance

2003

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“…Resulting data indicated a significant correlation between cognitive dysfunction and severity of dehydration. Subjects exhibited progressive impairment in mathematical ability, short-term memory and visuomotor function once 2% body fluid deficit was achieved (Gopinathan et al, 1988). Cian et al (2000) demonstrated impaired long-term memory following dehydration resulting from heat stress.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gopinathan et al (1988) examined changes in cognitive function in 11 healthy adult subjects under varying degrees of dehydration induced by a combination of water restriction and heat stress. Resulting data indicated a significant correlation between cognitive dysfunction and severity of dehydration.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available studies have identified several domains of cognitive function that are affected by dehydration (Sharma et al, 1986;Gopinathan et al, 1988). Gopinathan et al (1988) examined changes in cognitive function in 11 healthy adult subjects under varying degrees of dehydration induced by a combination of water restriction and heat stress.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impaired cognitive function and mental performance in mild dehydration

2003

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Dehydration is a reliable predictor of impaired cognitive status. Objective data, using tests of cortical function, support the deterioration of mental performance in mildly dehydrated younger adults. Dehydration frequently results in delirium as a manifestation of cognitive dysfunction. Although, the occurrence of delirium suggests transient acute global cerebral dysfunction, cognitive impairment may not be completely reversible. Animal studies have identified neuronal mitochondrial damage and glutamate hypertransmission in dehydrated rats. Additional studies have identified an increase in cerebral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase activity (nitric oxide synthase, NOS) with dehydration. Available evidence also implicates NOS as a neurotransmitter in long-term potentiation, rendering this a critical enzyme in facilitating learning and memory. With ageing, a reduction of NOS activity has been identified in the cortex and striatum of rats. The reduction of NOs synthase activity that occurs with ageing may blunt the rise that occurs with dehydration, and possibly interfere with memory processing and cognitive function. Dehydration has been shown to be a reliable predictor of increasing frailty, deteriorating mental performance and poor quality of life. Intervention models directed toward improving outcomes in dehydration must incorporate strategies to enhance prompt recognition of cognitive dysfunction.

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“…Additionally, substantial evidence exists in the observation of decreased cognitive function when dehydrated by ≥ 2% body mass loss, with decreases in self-rated alertness and perceived tiredness being reported [14,15]. More specifically, within military personnel, dehydration of ≥ 2% has a negative effect on morale, willingness to work and overall mental performance [16]. In a military environment whereby optimal physiological and cognitive functioning are vital, impairments can not only reduce performance but may also ultimately cost lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loaded and Unloaded Marching: Implications for Fluid Replacement

Dewhurst¹,

Bargh²,

Davidson

et al. 2014

TOSSJ

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Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines.Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and not-for-profit activities provided that• the authors, title and full bibliographic details of the item are cited clearly when any part of the work is referred to verbally or in the written form• a hyperlink/URL to the original Insight record of that item is included in any citations of the work • the content is not changed in any way• all files required for usage of the item are kept together with the main item file. You may not• sell any part of an item• refer to any part of an item without citation • amend any item or contextualise it in a way that will impugn the creator's reputation• remove or alter the copyright statement on an item.The full policy can be found here. Alternatively contact the University of Cumbria Repository Editor by emailing insight@cumbria.ac.uk. Send Orders for Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.net 16The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 2014, 7, (Suppl-1, M4) Abstract: Marching with essential survival equipment is a fundamental military exercise. A consequence of this increased load is an increased risk of dehydration. Dehydration may have fatal consequences in a combat situation where performance must be optimal. This risk can be minimized with an understanding of the additional fluid needs of soldiers marching when loaded compared to unloaded. The aim of this study was to quantify fluid loss caused by marching with a loaded Bergen rucksack and webbing of 33.5 kg for 45 minutes when compared to unloaded carriage in eight healthy male officer cadets (age, 20.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass 80.2 ± 9.2 kg). The findings demonstrate an increased rate of sweat loss (0.6 ± 0.2 L·h -1 to 1.2 ± 0.4 L·h -1 ; p<0.001) and increased average heart rate (105.5 ± 17.7 beats·min -1 to 136.6 ± 28.3 beats·min -1 ; p<0.001) for unloaded and loaded trial respectively. Urine osmolality significantly increased pre-to postmarch (p<0.05), however there was no difference in this increase between the loaded and unloaded trial. The present study demonstrated that marching with a loaded rucksack and webbing increased sweat rate by 100% compared to the same march with no additional load. For soldiers to prevent dehydration and the potential detrimental effects on performance, fluid replacement should also be doubled when marching with loading in a temperate environment, however individual differences in sweat rate should be taken into account.

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Role of Dehydration in Heat Stress-Induced Variations in Mental Performance

Cited by 310 publications

References 3 publications

Impact of mild dehydration on wellness and on exercise performance

Impact of mild dehydration on wellness and on exercise performance

Impaired cognitive function and mental performance in mild dehydration

Loaded and Unloaded Marching: Implications for Fluid Replacement

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