Role of defects in the electronic properties of Al doped ZnO films deposited by spray pyrolysis

Improved Open-Circuit Voltage of AZO/CsPbBr3/Carbon Structure Perovskite Solar Cells by an Al-Doped ZnO Electron Transport Layer

“…44,45 The formation of oxygen vacancies and zinc interstitials shifted the Fermi level closer to the conduction band. 46 The barrier between AZO and CsPbBr 3 decreased, and the electrons on CsPbBr 3 were more easily transferred to the AZO film. Thus, the performance of the device was improved.…”

“…The shallow defects (zinc interstitials) as shallow donors contribute to the carrier concentration. 46 It was beneficial to improve the conductivity of the AZO film. Moreover, it could be found in Figure 9 that the 7% Al-doped ZnO PSC device had the lowest deep defects.…”

“…However, with the increase of the Al doping ratio (7–10%), new shallow and deep defects appeared due to the increase in conduction and valence bands of ZnO. It exposed the defects of oxygen or zinc when the introduction of Al 3+ gradually replaced Zn 2+ . , The zinc interstitials and oxygen vacancies were n-type carriers produced in the ZnO growth process. , The formation of oxygen vacancies and zinc interstitials shifted the Fermi level closer to the conduction band . The barrier between AZO and CsPbBr 3 decreased, and the electrons on CsPbBr 3 were more easily transferred to the AZO film.…”

Recent Progress in Solution Processed Aluminum and co-Doped ZnO for Transparent Conductive Oxide Applications

“…Furthermore, it is well known that AZO film prepared using vacuum deposition techniques, such as sputtering, exhibit properties superior to those of solution processed films [ 28 ]. Especially, solution processed AZO films exhibit high electrical resistivity [ 66 ]. To tackle this issue, A. Kumar et al [ 66 ] suggested that vacuum/low pressure annealing is a viable route to enhance the electrical properties of solution processed AZO film.…”

“…Especially, solution processed AZO films exhibit high electrical resistivity [ 66 ]. To tackle this issue, A. Kumar et al [ 66 ] suggested that vacuum/low pressure annealing is a viable route to enhance the electrical properties of solution processed AZO film. In this work, AZO films were fabricated using spray pyrolysis and after vacuum annealing, films showed an enhanced transparency of 82%, as well as low resistivity (2 × 10 −3 Ω cm) as compared to the as deposited films.…”