Role of Cytokines and Correlated Cells in Host Immunity Against Nematode in Ruminants

Abstract

Nematode contagion is a core impediment to the profitable dairy production for livestock farms. Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism causes weight loss and low milk production, along with high mortality in sheep and goat. The current intensive anthelmintics therapies to control parasitic burden resulted in the appearance of drug resistant parasitic strains. Due to high demand of unadulterated animal products free from drugs motivated alternative strategies for improvement; including breeding plans for parasite control in ruminants. The increase of protective resistance to nematode infections, host genome show particular expression that is frequently confused by mechanisms concurrently essential to control multiple nematodes species as well as protozoan ecto-parasites, viral and microbial pathogens. The involved molecular mechanisms under these developments correspond to crucial steps toward improvement of efficient new parasite control strategies. Knowledge of various immunity methods of host and regulation of development of parasite, physiology, and virulence is able to identify the objective of parasite control. This review recapitulate current evolution and restrictions of optimistic regulatory biological pathways and genetic networks that concern with susceptibility and host resistance to infection of GI nematode in ruminants.