Role of cytokine profile in the differential diagnosis between acute lung rejection and pulmonary infections after lung transplantation†

Abstract

The BAL cytokine profile (IL-1β, MIP-1α and IL-10) seems useful to differentiate ALR and infections.

Macrophage subpopulations and their impact on chronic allograft rejection versus graft acceptance in a mouse heart transplant model

“…In theory, during acute rejection, DAMPs released from necrotic or stressed cells in the grafts and IFN-γ secreted by Th1 cells may contribute to the generation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages via activating the TLR/NF-κB and Stat1 signaling pathways (16, 24). M1 macrophages then contribute to acute rejection by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, which are abundantly expressed in graft biopsies during acute allograft rejection (25, 26). However, acute allograft rejection is primarily a T cell-mediated event, and the robust T cell activation is necessary and sufficient in mediating acute graft loss.…”

Release of Anti-inflammatory Peptides from Thermosensitive Nanoparticles with Degradable Cross-Links Suppresses Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production

“…Immune cells constitute key players in the development of many inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis 1 , ulcerative colitis 2 , atherosclerosis 3 , ischemia reperfusion injury 4 , transplantation rejection 5, 6 and diabetes 7 . Immune cells primarily serve to protect against opportunistic infections, but when they become activated inappropriately, they can participate in the development of inflammatory diseases 8, 9 .…”

Approaches for monitoring of non virus-specific and virus-specific T-cell response in solid organ transplantation and their clinical applications

“…One study suggests that in lung transplant recipients (LTR) IL-10 (using ELISA) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and/or plasma could be a useful parameter to monitor HCMV clearance, which was prolonged in LTR with detectable IL-10 in comparison with LTR with undetectable IL-10 (median 130 days vs. 58 days, respectively) [8]. In another study (using a bead-based multiplex assay), levels of IL-10 in BAL samples from LTR with HCMV infections remained low with an increase of other pro-inflammatory cytokines tested (IL-1␤, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-␣ and MIP-1␤) [9].…”