Role of covalent modification in the control of glycolytic enzymes in response to environmental anoxia in goldfish

Rahman, Mahbubur; Storey, Kenneth B.

doi:10.1007/bf00691013

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In liver, anoxia resulted in a 50% decrease in the content of the phosphorylated a form of glycogen phosphorylase (Storey 1987a) and produced changes in phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase kinetics (e.g., for pyruvate kinase, K, for phosphoenolpyruvate increased 2-fold and L-alanine decreased by 50%) indicative of enzyme inactivation by phosphorylation (Rahman and Storey 1987). Results for most other organs, except red and white skeletal muscle, were similar.…”

Section: Regulation By Covalent Modification In Other Systemssupporting

confidence: 50%

“…However, the metabolic adjustments involved in establishing long-term homeostasis in the closed system of the depressed state included manipulation of F-2,6-P2 contents in some tissues. Long-term hibernators showed significantly reduced levels of F-2,6-P2 in brain, heart, and fat pad (72, 26, and 33% of control values, respectively) but not in liver or skeletal muscle (Storey 1987~). In liver, however, a modulation of phosphofructokinase by probable enzyme phosphorylation (see next section) reduces the effectiveness of F-2,6-P2 as an enzyme activator in the hibernator (Storey 1987b); the overall effect is still a reduction in liver phosphofructokinase activity in the hypometabolic state.…”

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confidence: 89%

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Suspended animation: the molecular basis of metabolic depression

Storey¹

1988

Can. J. Zool.

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basis of metabolic depression. Can. J. Zool. 66: 124 -132. An impressive array of organisms is capable of radically depressing basal metabolic rate and entering a hypometabolic state characterized by a marked reduction of many normal physiological functions. Environmental cues are often the trigger: low oxygen, low temperature, or lack of water, for example. Entry into a hypometabolic state does not, apparently, involve major biochemical reorganization but appears, instead, to result from molecular controls operating at a level "above" that of allosteric regulation of enzymes and "below" that of gene expression. The mechanisms involved are widely applicable to the coordinated inactivation of many cellular processes. Studies of anaerobiosis in marine molluscs provide the most complete information on the molecular mechanisms involved in metabolic rate depression. Glycolytic rate depression in the marine whelk involves (i) covalent modification of key regulatory enzymes (e.g., phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase) via enzyme phosphorylation to produce less active enzyme forms, (ii) dissociation of enzymes from complexes bound to the subcellular particulate fraction to disrupt pathway flux, and (iii) decreased levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a potent activator of phosphofructokinase, to help limit the anabolic uses of carbohydrate in the depressed state. Continuing studies are demonstrating the universality of these mechanisms as the basis of metabolic depression, including involvement in mammalian hibernation and anoxia tolerance in goldfish and turtles. STOREY, K. B. 1988. Suspended animation: the molecular basis of metabolic depression. Can. J. Zool. 66 : 124 -132.Un grand nombre d'organismes sont capables de rkduire de f a~o n remarquable leur taux de mktabolisme de base et de se maintenir dans un ktat d'hypomktabolisme caracterisk par une forte rkduction de plusieurs des fonctions mktaboliques normales. Des paramktres de l'environnement agissent souvent comme dkclencheurs : concentrations faibles d'oxygkne, basses tempkratures, pknuries d'eau. L'kntrke en hypomktabolisme n'implique pas, semble-t-il, une rkorganisation biochimique majeure, mais rksulte plutht du fait que les contrhles molkculaires agissent a un niveau ~supkrieul-. a celui de la rkgulation allostkrique des enzymes et ~infkrieul-. a celui de l'expression des gknes. Les mkcanismes impliquks s'appliquent aussi a l'inactivation coordonnke de nombreux processus cellulaires. Des ktudes de I'anaCrobie chez des mollusques marins mettent bien en kvidence les mkcanismes molkculaires sous-jacents a la rkduction du mktabolisme. La rkduction du taux de la glycolyse chez les buccins marins suppose (i) la modification covalente des enzymes rkgulateurs clks (p.e., la phosphofructokinase, la pyruvate kinase) par phosphorylation des enzymes, ce qui les rend moins actifs, (ii) la dissociation des enzymes des complexes reliks a la fraction particulaire subcellulaire, ce qui rompt les voies de passage des flux et (iii) la rkduction des concentrations de fructose-...

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Section: Regulation By Covalent Modification In Other Systemssupporting

confidence: 50%

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Suspended animation: the molecular basis of metabolic depression

Storey¹

1988

Can. J. Zool.

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“…Activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK-1; EC 2.7.1.11) were assayed in a mixture modified from that described in Rahman & Storey (1988). The mixture contained 50 m imidazole (pH 7·4), 10 m MgCl 2 , 50 m KCl, 0·15 m NADH, 2 m ATP, 2 IU ml 1 glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase, 5 IU ml 1 triosephosphate isomerase, 5 IU ml 1 aldolase, 5 m fructose-6-phosphate.…”

Section: Enzyme Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: (852) 2788 7403; fax: (852) 2788 7406; e-mail: bhrswu@cityu.edu.hk expected during hypoxia. Some fish may also regulate their energy production during anaerobiosis through the covalent modification of certain regulatory enzymes in glycolysis, for example, phosphofructokinase (PFK-1; Rahman & Storey, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic adjustments in the common carp during prolonged hypoxia

Zhou

Randall

et al. 2000

Journal of Fish Biology

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Biochemical and respiratory changes in the common carp Cyprinus carpio were studied 6, 24, 96 and 168 h upon exposure to hypoxia (0·5 mgO 2 l 1 ). Modification of kinetic properties of phosphofructokinase (PFK-1), coupled with a decreased in PFK-1 activities, were evident in muscle. No changes in kinetics and activities could be observed in muscle pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A decrease in muscle citrate synthase (CS) and an increase in muscle cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) were found. The common carp was able to maintain a constant level of muscle glycogen, muscle ATP, and liver CS throughout the 168-h experimental period. Changes in activities of liver LDH and muscle CCO were observed only at 168 h, which indicates that common carp may switch to alternative metabolic pathway to deal with prolonged hypoxia. A severe decrease in liver glycogen was accompanied by increases in lactate levels in both the muscle and liver. Oxygen consumption rate was reduced under hypoxia, but resumed to normoxic levels within 2 h upon return to normoxic condition. Overall, these results indicate that carp adopt different strategies in an attempt to deal with short term and long term hypoxia in the natural environment. 2000 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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“…This has been shown e.g. for the enzyme phosphofructokinase, the key enzyme in controlling anaerobic carbon flow in glycolysis in mussels in response to hypoxia [34], and fish [35]. A post-translational alteration has also been hypothetized for the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus , a close relative of C. maenas [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated seawater p CO2 on gene expression patterns in the gills of the green crab, Carcinus maenas

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe green crab Carcinus maenas is known for its high acclimation potential to varying environmental abiotic conditions. A high ability for ion and acid-base regulation is mainly based on an efficient regulation apparatus located in gill epithelia. However, at present it is neither known which ion transport proteins play a key role in the acid-base compensation response nor how gill epithelia respond to elevated seawater pCO2 as predicted for the future. In order to promote our understanding of the responses of green crab acid-base regulatory epithelia to high pCO2, Baltic Sea green crabs were exposed to a pCO2 of 400 Pa. Gills were screened for differentially expressed gene transcripts using a 4,462-feature microarray and quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsCrabs responded mainly through fine scale adjustment of gene expression to elevated pCO2. However, 2% of all investigated transcripts were significantly regulated 1.3 to 2.2-fold upon one-week exposure to CO2 stress. Most of the genes known to code for proteins involved in osmo- and acid-base regulation, as well as cellular stress response, were were not impacted by elevated pCO2. However, after one week of exposure, significant changes were detected in a calcium-activated chloride channel, a hyperpolarization activated nucleotide-gated potassium channel, a tetraspanin, and an integrin. Furthermore, a putative syntaxin-binding protein, a protein of the transmembrane 9 superfamily, and a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger of the SLC 4 family were differentially regulated. These genes were also affected in a previously published hypoosmotic acclimation response study.ConclusionsThe moderate, but specific response of C. maenas gill gene expression indicates that (1) seawater acidification does not act as a strong stressor on the cellular level in gill epithelia; (2) the response to hypercapnia is to some degree comparable to a hypoosmotic acclimation response; (3) the specialization of each of the posterior gill arches might go beyond what has been demonstrated up to date; and (4) a re-configuration of gill epithelia might occur in response to hypercapnia.

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Role of covalent modification in the control of glycolytic enzymes in response to environmental anoxia in goldfish

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Suspended animation: the molecular basis of metabolic depression

Suspended animation: the molecular basis of metabolic depression

Metabolic adjustments in the common carp during prolonged hypoxia

Effects of elevated seawater p CO2 on gene expression patterns in the gills of the green crab, Carcinus maenas

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