Role of Corticotropin Releasing Factor in the Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Depression: Examination of Current Pharmaceutical and Herbal Therapies

Jiang, Yi‐Zhou; Peng, Tangming; Gaur, Uma; Silva, Marta; Little, Peter J.; Chen, Zhong; Qiu, Wei; Zhang, Yandong; Zheng, Wenhua

doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00290

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Results from this present study demonstrated that supplementation with the tropical fruit juice mixture was able to reduce the plasma CRH level in rats following Aβ infusion, suggesting that tropical fruit juice mixture has the potential to prevent the progression of AD by suppressing the activation of HPA axis. Besides that, the increase in the concentration of CRH was positively correlated to depression [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Neuroprotection of Tropical Fruit Juice Mixture via the Reduction of iNOS Expression and CRH Level in β‐Amyloid‐Induced Rats Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Ooi

Munawar

Rosli

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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This study aimed to determine the effects of tropical fruit juice mixture (pomegranate, white guava, and Roselle) on biochemical, behavioral, and histopathological changes of β-amyloid- (Aβ-) induced rats. Formulation 8 (F8) of tropical fruit juice mixture was chosen for this present study due to its high phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Forty Wistar male rats were divided into five groups: dPBS (sham-operated control), dAβ (Aβ control), JPBS (F8 and PBS), JAβ (F8 and Aβ), and IBFAβ (ibuprofen and Aβ). F8 (5 ml/kg BW), and ibuprofen (10 ml/kg BW) was given orally daily for four weeks before the intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ for two weeks. Histological analysis and neuronal count of hippocampus tissue in the Cornu Ammonis (CA1) region showed that supplementation with F8 was able to prevent Aβ-induced tissue damage and neuronal shrinkage. However, no significant difference in locomotor activity and novel object recognition (NOR) percentage was detected among different groups at day 7 and day 14 following Aβ infusion. Only effect of time differences (main effect of day) was observed at day 7 as compared to day 14, where reduction in locomotor activity and NOR percentage was observed in all groups, with F (1, 7) = 6.940, p<0.05 and F (1, 7) = 7.152, p<0.05, respectively. Besides, the MDA level of the JAβ group was significantly lower (p<0.01) than that of the dPBS group. However, no significant changes in SOD activity were detected among different groups. Significant reduction in plasma CRH level (p<0.05) and iNOS expression (p<0.01) in the brain was detected in the JAβ group as compared to the dAβ group. Hence, our current findings suggest that the tropical fruit juice mixture (F8) has the potential to protect the rats from Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in brain hippocampus tissue possibly via its antioxidant properties and the suppression of iNOS expression and CRH production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Neuroprotection of Tropical Fruit Juice Mixture via the Reduction of iNOS Expression and CRH Level in β‐Amyloid‐Induced Rats Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Ooi

Munawar

Rosli

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…CRF is commonly considered to be a vital factor in response to stress at the neural, endocrinological, and immunological levels [ 9 ]. It is noticeable that CRF is involved in the structural integrity of the brain and in the regulation of neurotransmitter transmission [ 151 ].…”

Section: Chm Modulation Of the Hpa Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, studies have shown that the activation of the neuroinflammatory response of the immune system and hyperactivity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis of the neuroendocrine system are two critical triggers in the etiology of depression [ 7 ] ( Figure 1 ). It should be emphasized that communication or crosstalk exists between the neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems and that the neuroendocrine-immune network plays a vital role in the systems biology of depression [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depression: Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network

Huang

Zhang

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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The neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems are two critical biological systems in the pathogenesis of depression. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that the activation of the neuroinflammatory response of the immune system and hyperactivity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis of the neuroendocrine system commonly coexist in patients with depression and that these two systems bidirectionally regulate one another through neural, immunological, and humoral intersystem interactions. The neuroendocrine-immune network poses difficulties associated with the development of antidepressant agents directed toward these biological systems for the effective treatment of depression. On the other hand, multidrug and multitarget Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) has great potential to assist in the development of novel medications for the systematic pharmacotherapy of depression. In this narrative essay, we conclusively analyze the mechanisms of action of CHM antidepressant constituents and formulas, specifically through the modulation of the neuroendocrine-immune network, by reviewing recent preclinical studies conducted using depressive animal models. Some CHM herbal constituents and formulas are highlighted as examples, and their mechanisms of action at both the molecular and systems levels are discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the crosstalk of these two biological systems and the systems pharmacology approach for understanding the system-wide mechanism of action of CHM on the neuroendocrine-immune network in depression treatment. The holistic, multidrug, and multitarget nature of CHM represents an excellent example of systems medicine in the effective treatment of depression.

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“…Clear documentation that such interactions exist has largely emerged from recent literature that has benefited from the identification and characterization of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and has analysed their effect upon neural systems. It was clearly established that immune activation alters the turnover of classical neurotransmitters (e.g., noradrenaline, acetylcholine) and activates the HPA axis [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monomeric C-Reactive Protein Aggravates Secondary Degeneration after Intracerebral Haemorrhagic Stroke and May Function as a Sensor for Systemic Inflammation

Slevin

Capitanescu

et al. 2020

JCM

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Background: We previously identified increased tissue localization of monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) in the infarcted cortical brain tissue of patients following ischaemic stroke. Here, we investigated the relationship of mCRP expression in haemorrhagic stroke, and additionally examined the capacity of mCRP to travel to or appear at other locations within the brain that might account for later chronic neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative effects. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archived brain tissue blocks obtained at autopsy from stroke patients and age-matched controls. We modelled mCRP migration into the brain after haemorrhagic stroke by infusing mCRP (3.5 µg) into the hippocampus of mice and localized mCRP with histological and immunohistochemistry methods. Results: On human tissue in the early stages of haemorrhage, there was no staining of mCRP. However, with increasing post-stroke survival time, mCRP immunostaining was associated with some parenchymal brain cells, some stroke-affected neurons in the surrounding areas and the lumen of large blood vessels as well as brain capillaries. Further from the peri-haematoma region, however, mCRP was detected in the lumen of micro-vessels expressing aquaporin 4 (AQP4). In the hypothalamus, we detected clusters of neurons loaded with mCRP along with scattered lipofuscin-like deposits. In the peri-haematoma region of patients, mCRP was abundantly seen adjacent to AQP4 immunoreactivity. When we stereotactically injected mCRP into the hippocampus of mice, we also observed strong expression in distant neurones of the hypothalamus as well as cortical capillaries. Conclusions: mCRP is abundantly expressed in the brain after haemorrhagic stroke, directly impacting the pathophysiological development of the haematoma. In addition, it may have indirect effects, where the microcirculatory system appears to be able to carry it throughout the cortex as far as the hypothalamus, allowing for long-distance effects and damage through its capacity to induce inflammation and degenerate neuronal perivascular compartments.

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Role of Corticotropin Releasing Factor in the Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Depression: Examination of Current Pharmaceutical and Herbal Therapies

Cited by 39 publications

References 149 publications

Neuroprotection of Tropical Fruit Juice Mixture via the Reduction of iNOS Expression and CRH Level in β‐Amyloid‐Induced Rats Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Neuroprotection of Tropical Fruit Juice Mixture via the Reduction of iNOS Expression and CRH Level in β‐Amyloid‐Induced Rats Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depression: Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network

Monomeric C-Reactive Protein Aggravates Secondary Degeneration after Intracerebral Haemorrhagic Stroke and May Function as a Sensor for Systemic Inflammation

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