Role of complexing agents in chemical bath deposition of lead sulfide thin films

Effect of Substrate Faceting on Epitaxial Lead Sulfide Thin Films Deposited from a Solution onto GaAs(100)

“…Chemical solution deposition (CD) has been successfully proven as a simple, inexpensive, and scalable technique for semiconductor thin-film growth, − resulting in a well-defined orientation relationship between a film and a substrate. Multiple studies have been reported on solution deposition of PbS thin films onto flat, unetched GaAs(100), GaAs(111)­A, and GaAs(111)B substrates. − In particular, the effect of the complexing agent used and its concentration on the growth rate and the resulting morphology of the deposited film were studied in detail. ,,− Surface termination was shown to affect solution-deposited PbS thin films caused by a different pathway of nucleation and growth resulting in different PbS surface compositions, without impacting the substrate/film orientation and film morphology …”

Influence of complexing agent on the growth of chemically deposited Ni3Pb2S2 thin films

“…As can be seen from literature review, complexing agents such as hydrazine 9 , tri-sodium citrate 10 , ammonia 11 , triethanolamine 12 , polyethyleneimine 13 , sodium borohydride 14 , tartaric acid 15 , oxalic acid 15 , acetic acid 15 , disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 16 and ammonium hydroxide 17 were popular choices in the deposition of films. In this experiment, influence of complexing agent (tartaric acid) on the chemical bath deposited films has been investigated.…”

Study of the Properties of CdS:Al (R = [Al3+]/[Cd2+] = 0.30, 0.40, 0.50) Thin Films Grown by the CBD Method in an Ammonia-Free System

“…Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the use of ammonia if we want to use this manufacturing method on an industrial scale since it is very harmful to the environment and human health. In this sense, it has been reported that the physical properties of CdS films manufactured by CBD are strongly dependent on the complexing agent used in their fabrication [24,25]. For this reason, other authors show that good-quality CdS thin films can be fabricated by CBD without ammonia; for example, using other complexing agents such as sodium citrate [5,7] and nitrilotriacetic acid [26].…”