Abstract:The present review focuses on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last decade that contribute to increasing knowledge on Coenzyme Q10’s role in health and disease. Classical antioxidant and bioenergetic functions of the coenzyme have been taken into consideration, as well as novel mechanisms of action involving the redox-regulated activation of molecular pathways associated with anti-inflammatory activities. Cardiovascular research and fertility remain major fields of application of Coenzyme Q10,… Show more
“…Additionally, CoQ possesses antioxidant and lipid-solubility properties that protect lipids and lipoproteins from oxidative damage (Lee et al 2012 ). The roles of CoQ are numerous and have been reviewed recently (Abby et al 2020 ; Baschiera et al 2021 ; Cirilli et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) serves as an electron carrier in aerobic respiration and has become an interesting target for biotechnological production due to its antioxidative effect and benefits in supplementation to patients with various diseases. Here, we review discovery of the pathway with a particular focus on its superstructuration and regulation, and we summarize the metabolic engineering strategies for overproduction of CoQ by microorganisms. Studies in model microorganisms elucidated the details of CoQ biosynthesis and revealed the existence of multiprotein complexes composed of several enzymes that catalyze consecutive reactions in the CoQ pathways of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Recent findings indicate that the identity and the total number of proteins involved in CoQ biosynthesis vary between species, which raises interesting questions about the evolution of the pathway and could provide opportunities for easier engineering of CoQ production. For the biotechnological production, so far only microorganisms have been used that naturally synthesize CoQ10 or a related CoQ species. CoQ biosynthesis requires the aromatic precursor 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and the prenyl side chain that defines the CoQ species. Up to now, metabolic engineering strategies concentrated on the overproduction of the prenyl side chain as well as fine-tuning the expression of ubi genes from the ubiquinone modification pathway, resulting in high CoQ yields. With expanding knowledge about CoQ biosynthesis and exploration of new strategies for strain engineering, microbial CoQ production is expected to improve.
“…Additionally, CoQ possesses antioxidant and lipid-solubility properties that protect lipids and lipoproteins from oxidative damage (Lee et al 2012 ). The roles of CoQ are numerous and have been reviewed recently (Abby et al 2020 ; Baschiera et al 2021 ; Cirilli et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) serves as an electron carrier in aerobic respiration and has become an interesting target for biotechnological production due to its antioxidative effect and benefits in supplementation to patients with various diseases. Here, we review discovery of the pathway with a particular focus on its superstructuration and regulation, and we summarize the metabolic engineering strategies for overproduction of CoQ by microorganisms. Studies in model microorganisms elucidated the details of CoQ biosynthesis and revealed the existence of multiprotein complexes composed of several enzymes that catalyze consecutive reactions in the CoQ pathways of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Recent findings indicate that the identity and the total number of proteins involved in CoQ biosynthesis vary between species, which raises interesting questions about the evolution of the pathway and could provide opportunities for easier engineering of CoQ production. For the biotechnological production, so far only microorganisms have been used that naturally synthesize CoQ10 or a related CoQ species. CoQ biosynthesis requires the aromatic precursor 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and the prenyl side chain that defines the CoQ species. Up to now, metabolic engineering strategies concentrated on the overproduction of the prenyl side chain as well as fine-tuning the expression of ubi genes from the ubiquinone modification pathway, resulting in high CoQ yields. With expanding knowledge about CoQ biosynthesis and exploration of new strategies for strain engineering, microbial CoQ production is expected to improve.
“…Several studies have shown that CoQ10 slows OA progression [17,18,22]. Although anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CoQ10 have been reported [34][35][36][37][38], little is known about the effects of micellized-…”
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and is characterized by breakdown of joint cartilage. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) exerts diverse biological effects on bone and cartilage; observational studies have suggested that CoQ10 may slow OA progression and inflammation. However, any effect of CoQ10 on OA remains unclear. Here, we investigated the therapeutic utility of CoQ10-micelles.
Methods
Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were injected with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) to induce OA. CoQ10-micelles were administered orally to MIA-induced OA rats; celecoxib served as the positive control. Pain, tissue destruction, and inflammation were measured. The expression levels of catabolic and inflammatory cell death markers were assayed in CoQ10-micelle-treated chondrocytes.
Results
Oral supplementation with CoQ10-micelles attenuated OA symptoms remarkably, including pain, tissue destruction, and inflammation. The expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP-13, and of the inflammatory cell death markers RIP1, RIP3, and pMLKL in synovial tissues were significantly reduced by CoQ10-micelle supplementation, suggesting that CoQ10-micelles might attenuate the synovitis of OA. CoQ10-micelle addition to cultured OA chondrocytes reduced the expression levels of catabolic and inflammatory cell death markers.
Conclusions
CoQ10-micelles might usefully treat OA.
Heart failure (HF) is a global epidemic that contributes to the deterioration of quality of life and its shortening in 1–3% of adult people in the world. Pharmacotherapy of HF should rely on highly effective drugs that improve prognosis and prolong life. Currently, the ESC guidelines from 2021 indicate that ACEI, ARNI, BB, and SGLT2 inhibitors are the first-line drugs in HF. It is also worth remembering that the use of coenzyme Q10 brought many benefits in patients with HF. Coenzyme Q10 is a very important compound that performs many functions in the human body. The most important function of coenzyme Q10 is participation in the production of energy in the mitochondria, which determines the proper functioning of all cells, tissues, and organs. The highest concentration of coenzyme Q10 is found in the tissue of the heart muscle. As the body ages, the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in the tissue of the heart muscle decreases, which makes it more susceptible to damage by free radicals. It has been shown that in patients with HF, the aggravation of disease symptoms is inversely related to the concentration of coenzyme Q10. Importantly, the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in patients with HF was an important predictor of the risk of death. Long-term coenzyme Q10 supplementation at a dose of 300 mg/day (Q-SYMBIO study) has been shown to significantly improve heart function and prognosis in patients with HF. This article summarizes the latest and most important data on CoQ10 in pathogenesis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
