Role of Cobalt in Plants: Its Stress and Alleviation

Akeel, Arshiya; Jahan, Ajmat

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41552-5_17

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Cobalt inhibited the crop growth because it induced some physiological changes and chlorophyll pigment synthesis in plants, as reported by Akeel et al [72]. Significant inhibition in photosynthesis, chlorophyll (a + b) and total protein Phaseolus vulgaris L. while increase in abscisic acid and proline content in leaves of Co 2+ and Zn 2+ applied plants [73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Blood, Hair and Feces as an Indicator of Environmental Exposure of Sheep, Cow and Buffalo to Cobalt: A Health Risk Perspectives

et al. 2021

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Exposure to toxic metals (TMs) such as cobalt (Co) can cause lifelong carcinogenic disorders and mutagenic outcomes. TMs enter ground water and rivers from human activity, anthropogenic contamination, and the ecological environment. The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of sewage water irrigation on cobalt (Co) toxicity and bioaccumulation in a soil-plant environment and to assess the health risk of grazing livestock via forage consumption. Cobalt is a very necessary element for the growth of plants and animals; however, higher concentrations have toxic impacts. Measurement of Co in plant, soil and water samples was conducted via wet digestion method using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Co pollution severity was examined in soil, forage crops (Sorghum bicolor Kuntze, Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk. and Tribulus terrestris L.) in blood, hair and feces of sheep, cow and buffalo from district Toba-Tek-Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. Three sites were selected for investigation of Co level in soil and forage samples. Highest concentration of Co was 0.65 and 0.35 mg/kg occurring in S. bicolor at site I. The sheep blood, cow hair and sheep feces samples showed highest concentrations of 0.545, 0.549 and 0.548 mg/kg, respectively at site I and site II. Bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, enrichment factor and daily intake were found to be higher (0.667, 0.124, 0.12 and 0.0007 mg/kg) in soil, S. bicolor, S. fruticosa and in buffalo, respectively, at site I. It was concluded that forage species irrigated with wastewater are safe for consumption of livestock. However, though the general values were lower than the permissible maximum limit, it was observed that the bioaccumulation in the forage species was higher. Therefore, soil and food chain components should be avoided from trace metal contamination, and other means of nonconventional water resources should be employed for forages irrigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Blood, Hair and Feces as an Indicator of Environmental Exposure of Sheep, Cow and Buffalo to Cobalt: A Health Risk Perspectives

et al. 2021

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“…Cobalt at high concentrations causes cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity in plants, which is similar to Cu, Ni, and Zn. Cytotoxicity is the inhibition of mitosis and damage of chromosomes, and disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum of root tip cells (Rauser, 1981 ; Smith and Carson, 1981 ; Akeel and Jahan, 2020 ). Phytotoxicity varies depending on plant species and the concentration of Co in plant organs.…”

Section: Cobalt Toxicity In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytotoxicity varies depending on plant species and the concentration of Co in plant organs. Leguminous plants generally exhibit chlorosis or pale-white color on young leaves, and tomatoes show either interveinal chlorosis or diffused chlorosis on young leaves (Akeel and Jahan, 2020 ).…”

Section: Cobalt Toxicity In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rice ( Oryza sativa ) plants would develop toxic symptoms when grown in soils with Co ranging from 25 and 50 mg/kg (Kitagishi and Yamane, 1981 ). The contents of Co could be used for predicting the development of toxicity (Akeel and Jahan, 2020 ). Toxic symptoms occurred in bush beans when tissue Co contents ranged from 43 to 142 mg/kg (Wallace et al, 1977 ); similarly, 6 mg/kg in barley seedlings (Davis et al, 1978 ), and 19 to 32 mg/kg in Sudan grass (Gough et al, 1979 ).…”

Section: Cobalt Toxicity In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cobalt: An Essential Micronutrient for Plant Growth?

et al. 2021

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Cobalt is a transition metal located in the fourth row of the periodic table and is a neighbor of iron and nickel. It has been considered an essential element for prokaryotes, human beings, and other mammals, but its essentiality for plants remains obscure. In this article, we proposed that cobalt (Co) is a potentially essential micronutrient of plants. Co is essential for the growth of many lower plants, such as marine algal species including diatoms, chrysophytes, and dinoflagellates, as well as for higher plants in the family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. The essentiality to leguminous plants is attributed to its role in nitrogen (N) fixation by symbiotic microbes, primarily rhizobia. Co is an integral component of cobalamin or vitamin B12, which is required by several enzymes involved in N2 fixation. In addition to symbiosis, a group of N2 fixing bacteria known as diazotrophs is able to situate in plant tissue as endophytes or closely associated with roots of plants including economically important crops, such as barley, corn, rice, sugarcane, and wheat. Their action in N2 fixation provides crops with the macronutrient of N. Co is a component of several enzymes and proteins, participating in plant metabolism. Plants may exhibit Co deficiency if there is a severe limitation in Co supply. Conversely, Co is toxic to plants at higher concentrations. High levels of Co result in pale-colored leaves, discolored veins, and the loss of leaves and can also cause iron deficiency in plants. It is anticipated that with the advance of omics, Co as a constitute of enzymes and proteins and its specific role in plant metabolism will be exclusively revealed. The confirmation of Co as an essential micronutrient will enrich our understanding of plant mineral nutrition and improve our practice in crop production.

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“…The spatial distribution of Co over the study area was significantly different between schemes ( Table 5 and Figure 8 ), where Chimala (666.77–719.28 μg/kg), Igalako (365.44–883.46 μg/kg), Ihahi (164.21–1045.42 μg/kg), Ilaji (135.99–468.57 μg/kg) and other schemes as shown in Figure 8 recorded high values. Cobalt is a beneficial micronutrient required by plants in micro-dose as important in several enzymes and increases the drought resistance of seeds, and nitrogen fixation by bacteria in legumes ( Akeel and Jahan, 2020 ). The values observed in this study were enough to support plant growth; however, in some sites values were very high, imposing a phytotoxicity effect on plants and soil microbial diversity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil fertility and land sustainability in Usangu Basin-Tanzania

Mng’ong’o

Blake

Comber

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Soil fertility determines crop growth, productivity and consequently determines land productivity and sustainability. Continuous crop production exploits plant nutrients from soils leading to plant nutrient imbalance, thus affecting soil productivity. This study was conducted to monitor soil fertility status in soils of Usangu agro-ecosystem to establish management strategies. To assess soil fertility status in Usangu agro-ecosystem in Southern Highland Tanzania; 0–30 cm depth soil samples were taken for organic carbon, soil pH, N, P, Ca, K, Mg, S, Al, and micronutrients such as Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Cr analyses by various established standard analytical methods. The results indicated most micronutrients were available in the deficient amount in many studied sites except for Fe and Mn, which were observed to be above optimum requirement. Based on critical levels established in other areas, 90 % of the soils were ranked as N, P, K, and Mg deficient. The micronutrients (Cu, Fe, and Zn) were inadequate in all soils resulting in limited crop growth and productivity. A high concentration of trace metals was detected in agricultural soils, this might affect plant nutrients availability and leading to environmental contamination affecting land productivity and sustainability. The study found that Usangu agro-ecosystem has deprived of soil fertility leading to poor crop growth and productivity. The authors recommend the addition of supplemental materials rich in plant nutrients such as inorganic fertilizer, manure, crop residues, and treated wastes to improve soil fertility for improved productivity and land sustainability.

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Role of Cobalt in Plants: Its Stress and Alleviation

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

Blood, Hair and Feces as an Indicator of Environmental Exposure of Sheep, Cow and Buffalo to Cobalt: A Health Risk Perspectives

Blood, Hair and Feces as an Indicator of Environmental Exposure of Sheep, Cow and Buffalo to Cobalt: A Health Risk Perspectives

Cobalt: An Essential Micronutrient for Plant Growth?

Soil fertility and land sustainability in Usangu Basin-Tanzania

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