Role of Circular RNA in Brain Tumor Development

Abstract

Central nervous system tumors are a leading cause of cancer-related death in children and adults, with medulloblastoma (MB) and glioblastoma (GBM) being the most prevalent malignant brain tumors, respectively. Despite tremendous breakthroughs in neurosurgery, radiation, and chemotherapeutic techniques, cell heterogeneity and various genetic mutations impacting cell cycle control, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell invasion result in unwanted resistance to treatment approaches, with a 5-year survival rate of 70–80% for medulloblastoma, and the median survival time for patients with glioblastoma is only 15 months. Developing new medicines and utilizing combination medications may be viewed as excellent techniques for battling MB and GBM. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can affect cancer-developing processes such as cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, invasion, and chemoresistance in this regard. As a result, several compounds have been introduced as prospective therapeutic targets in the fight against MB and GBM. The current study aims to elucidate the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of GBM in conjunction with circRNAs. Several mechanisms were examined in detail, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, Wnt/-catenin signaling, angiogenic processes, and metastatic pathways, in order to provide a comprehensive knowledge of the involvement of circRNAs in the pathophysiology of MB and GBM.

CircZXDC Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Transdifferentiation via Regulating miRNA-125a-3p/ABCC6 in Moyamoya Disease

“…Current knowledge of circRNA has characterized it as noncoding RNA, and an increasing number of circRNAs have been found to be associated with pretranscription/post-transcription processes by acting as miRNA sponges, protein decoys, splicing regulators, and transcription and chromatin modifiers [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Because of the characteristics of circRNA, including its stable structure due to its covalently closed loops [ 38 ], redundant expression level, and easy detection, it is currently considered an optimal diagnostics biomarker for various diseases [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. In MMD, very few diagnostic biomarkers have been identified and characterized.…”

microRNAs (miRNAs) in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)—Recent Literature Review

“…Based on the level of individual miRNAs, the miRNAs with the highest prognostic value for GBM were selected [ 72 ], indicating that that the diagnosis of GBM is also possible on the basis of the analysis of miRNA from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients [ 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Functional analysis of individual GBM-specific miRNAs indicates that they can act as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors, are responsible for developing resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, stimulate neo-angiogenesis and cell proliferation, and regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ] ( Table 2 ).…”

Clinical Theranostics Trademark of Exosome in Glioblastoma Metastasis

“…Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are significant in cancer diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets. They are covalently bonded single-stranded closed circRNA molecules without poly(A) tail at the 3′ end or a 5′ end-cap . In an experiment, it was found that Circ-FBXW7 and FBXW7–185aa have possible prognostic relevance in brain cancer .…”

“…They are covalently bonded single-stranded closed circRNA molecules without poly(A) tail at the 3′ end or a 5′ end-cap. 39 In an experiment, it was found that Circ-FBXW7 and FBXW7− 185aa have possible prognostic relevance in brain cancer. 40 The current research investigation mentions that circRNAs has association with pathogenesis of GBM.…”