Role of chromatin structure in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Croston, Glenn; Kadonaga, James T.

doi:10.1016/0955-0674(93)90006-c

Cited by 128 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…(i) The Eed repression domain within the WD-40 repeat domain prevents a factor like TF II 100 (TF II 80), which contains WD-40 repeats (18), from recruiting a WD-40 ligand that might be necessary for the transcriptional activity of the TFIID complex. (ii) The repression domain in the Eed N terminus may maintain a repressive chromatin structure (15,38) through interaction with histones or other chromatin proteins. This postulated mechanism is based on the observation that yeast Tup1, which appears to share some similarities with Eed, interacts with histones H3 and H4 (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Product of the Murine Homolog of the Drosophila extra sex combs Gene Displays Transcriptional Repressor Activity

Denisenko

Bomsztyk

1997

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K protein represents a novel class of proteins that may act as docking platforms that orchestrate cross-talk among molecules involved in signal transduction and gene expression. Using a fragment of K protein as bait in the yeast two-hybrid screen, we isolated a cDNA that encodes a protein whose primary structure has extensive similarity to the Drosophila melanogaster extra sex combs (esc) gene product, Esc, a putative silencer of homeotic genes. The cDNA that we isolated is identical to the cDNA of the recently positionally cloned mouse embryonic ectoderm development gene, eed. Like Esc, Eed contains six WD-40 repeats in the C-terminal half of the protein and is thought to repress homeotic gene expression during mouse embryogenesis. Eed binds to K protein through a domain in its N terminus, but interestingly, this domain is not found in the Drosophila Esc. Gal4-Eed fusion protein represses transcription of a reporter gene driven by a promoter that contains Gal4-binding DNA elements. Eed also represses transcription when recruited to a target promoter by Gal4-K protein. Point mutations within the eed gene that are responsible for severe embryonic development abnormalities abolished the transcriptional repressor activity of Eed. Results of this study suggest that Eed-restricted homeotic gene expression during embryogenesis reflects the action of Eed as a transcriptional repressor. The Eed-mediated transcriptional effects are likely to reflect the interaction of Eed with multiple molecular partners, including K protein.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Product of the Murine Homolog of the Drosophila extra sex combs Gene Displays Transcriptional Repressor Activity

Denisenko

Bomsztyk

1997

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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“…It is widely expected that the manner of packing and the dynamics of nucleosomes are associated with gene activities in living cells [3][4][5][6]. There have been many studies on the static [7][8][9][10] and dynamic [11] properties of nucleosomes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase transition in reconstituted chromatin

et al. 2005

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By observing reconstituted chromatin by fluorescence microscopy (FM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), we found that the density of nucleosomes exhibits a bimodal profile, i.e., there is a large transition between the dense and dispersed states in reconstituted chromatin. Based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of nucleosome cores, we deduced an effective thermodynamic potential as a function of the nucleosome-nucleosome distance. This enabled us to interpret the folding transition of chromatin in terms of a first-order phase transition. This mechanism for the condensation of chromatin is discussed in terms of its biological significance.

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“…At the level of transcription, genes appear to be rendered either competent or inert at different stages or tiers, which range from global alterations in chromatin structure (for review, see Grunstein 1990;Kornberg and Lorch 1991;Felsenfeld 1992;Wolffe 1992;Adams and Workman 1993;Croston and Kadonaga 1993) to the action of regulatory factors, such as sequence-specific transcriptional activators that interact with promoter and enhancer regions (for review, see Ptashne 1988;Johnson and McKnight 1989;Mitchell and Tjian 1989). The central component in transcription is, however, the minimal set of factors and RNA polymerase II, which catalyze a basal This paper represents roughly equivalent contributions from each of the first four authors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a minimal set of proteins that is sufficient for accurate initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II.

Tyree¹,

George²,

Lira-DeVito³

et al. 1993

Genes & Development

141

114

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In eukaryotes, initiation of mRNA synthesis is a multistep process that is carried out by RNA polymerase II and auxiliary factors that are commonly referred to as basal or general factors. In this study accurate initiation of transcription was reconstituted with purified, Escherichia coil-synthesized TFIIB, TBP (the TATA box-binding polypeptide of the TFIID complex), and the 30-kD subunit of TFIIF (also known as RAP30), along with purified, native RNA polymerase II from Drosophila embryos, calf thymus, or HeLa cells. This minimal set of factors was able to transcribe a subset of the promoters tested. The addition of both subunits of TFIIE and the 74-kD subunit of TFIIF increased the efficiency of transcription by a factor of 2 to 4. In contrast, the inclusion of a crude TFIID fraction from Drosophila embryos in place of recombinant TBP resulted in a strong dependence on TFIIE. By gel mobility-shift analysis, TFIIB, TBP, RAP30, and polymerase were able to assemble into DB and DBPolF30 complexes with transcriptionally competent (wild type or initiator mutant), but not with transcriptionally inactive (TATA and TATA/initiator mutant), versions of the Drosophila Adh promoter. Thus, it appears that RNA polymerase II is able to initiate transcription subsequent to assembly of the DBPolF30 complex, which is a minitranscription complex that represents the central core of the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery.[Key Words: RNA polymerase II; basal transcription factors; TFIIB; TATA box-binding protein; TFIIF (RAP30/74); in vitro transcription]

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Role of chromatin structure in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Cited by 128 publications

References 64 publications

The Product of the Murine Homolog of the Drosophila extra sex combs Gene Displays Transcriptional Repressor Activity

The Product of the Murine Homolog of the Drosophila extra sex combs Gene Displays Transcriptional Repressor Activity

Phase transition in reconstituted chromatin

Identification of a minimal set of proteins that is sufficient for accurate initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II.

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